Air Shower Simulations in a Hybrid Approach using Cascade Equations

Abstract

A new hybrid approach to air shower simulations is described. At highest energies, each particle is followed individually using the traditional Monte Carlo method; this initializes a system of cascade equations which are applicable for energies such that the shower is one-dimensional. The cascade equations are solved numerically down to energies at which lateral spreading becomes significant, then their output serves as a source function for a 3-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of the final stage of the shower. This simulation procedure reproduces the natural fluctuations in the initial stages of the shower, gives accurate lateral distribution functions, and provides detailed information about all low energy particles on an event-by-event basis. It is quite efficient in computation time.

arXiv comment19 Pages, 10 Figures accepted version with more explanations about source functions, in print PRD

References in corpus (3)

• Hybrid simulations of extensive air showers
• Cosmic Ray Air Shower Characteristics in the Framework of the Parton-Based Gribov-Regge Model NEXUS
• Influence of the LPM effect and dielectric suppression on particle air showers

Cited by in corpus (23)

• The Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory
• Testing Hadronic Interactions at Ultrahigh Energies with Air Showers Measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory
• The Offline Software Framework of the Pierre Auger Observatory
• The Muon Puzzle in cosmic-ray induced air showers and its connection to the Large Hadron Collider
• First Results of Fast One-dimensional Hybrid Simulation of EAS Using CONEX
• Towards a Next Generation of CORSIKA: A Framework for the Simulation of Particle Cascades in Astroparticle Physics
• High Energy Physics in the Atmosphere: Phenomenology of Cosmic Ray Air Showers
• Model Dependence of Lateral Distribution Functions of High Energy Cosmic Ray Air Showers
• Remnant Break-up and Muon Production in Cosmic Ray Air Showers
• High-density QCD and Cosmic Ray Air Showers
• Very High Energy Cosmic Rays and Their Interactions
• White paper on EUSO-SPB2
• Longitudinal development of extensive air showers: hybrid code SENECA and full Monte Carlo
• Acceptance of fluorescence detectors and its implication in energy spectrum inference at the highest energies
• High energy muons in extensive air showers
• Air Shower Simulation and Hadronic Interactions
• Gluon Saturation Effects at the Nuclear Surface: Inelastic Cross Section of Proton-Nucleus at Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray domain
• Impact of QCD jets and heavy-quark production in cosmic-ray proton atmospheric showers up to 10${}^{20}$ eV
• Gravitational Radiation from Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays in Models with Large Extra Dimensions
• Hybrid Simulation of Cosmic Ray Air Showers
• Probing the ${\pi }^0$ spectrum at high-$x$ in proton-Air interactions at ultra-high energies
• The Offline Software of the Pierre Auger Observatory: Lessons Learned
• Comparison of hybrid and pure Monte Carlo shower generators on an event by event basis