Review on Effects of Long-lived Negatively Charged Massive Particles on Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

Abstract

We review important reactions in the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) model involving a long-lived negatively charged massive particle, $X^{-}$, which is much heavier than nucleons. This model can explain the observed ${}^7$Li abundances of metal-poor stars, and predicts a primordial ${}^9$Be abundance that is larger than the standard BBN prediction. In the BBN epoch, nuclei recombine with the $X^{-}$ particle. Because of the heavy $X^{-}$ mass, the atomic size of bound states $A_X$ is as small as the nuclear size. The nonresonant recombination rates are then dominated by the $d$-wave $\to$ 2P transition for ${}^7$Li and ${}^{7,9}$Be. The ${}^7$Be destruction occurs via a recombination with the $X^{-}$ followed by a proton capture, and the primordial ${}^7$Li abundance is reduced. Also, the ${}^9$Be production occurs via the recombination of ${}^7$Li and $X^{-}$ followed by deuteron capture. The initial abundance and the lifetime of the $X^{-}$ particles are constrained from a BBN reaction network calculation. We estimate that the derived parameter region for the ${}^7$Li reduction is allowed in supersymmetric or Kaluza-Klein (KK) models. We find that either the selectron, smuon, KK electron or KK muon could be candidates for the $X^{-}$ with $m_X\sim \mathcal{O}(1)$ TeV, while the stau and KK tau cannot.

27 pages, 7 figures, submitted for a special issue on Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

References in corpus (28)

• Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Three Year Results: Implications for Cosmology
• Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis and Gravitino
• Particle physics catalysis of thermal Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• First stars VII. Lithium in extremely metal poor dwarfs
• Atomic Diffusion and Mixing in Old Stars I. VLT/FLAMES-UVES Observations of Stars in NGC 6397
• Big Bang Nucleosynthesis as a Probe of New Physics
• Bound-State Effects on Light-Element Abundances in Gravitino Dark Matter Scenarios
• Big Bang Nucleosynthesis with Long Lived Charged Massive Particles
• Strong Interactive Massive Particles from a Strong Coupled Theory
• Stau-catalyzed ${}^6$Li Production in Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Bounds on long-lived charged massive particles from Big Bang nucleosynthesis
• The cosmic 6Li and 7Li problems and BBN with long-lived charged massive particles
• Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis with Long-Lived Charged Slepton
• Primordial Lithium Abundance in Catalyzed Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Possible solution to the ${}^7$Li problem by the long lived stau
• Implications of Catalyzed BBN in the CMSSM with Gravitino Dark Matter
• A Simultaneous Solution to the ^6Li and ^7Li Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Problems from a Long-Lived Negatively-Charged Leptonic Particle
• Gravitino Dark Matter and the Cosmic Lithium Abundances
• Big-bang nucleosynthesis and the relic abundance of dark matter in a stau-neutralino coannihilation scenario
• Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis Reactions Catalyzed by a Long-Lived Negatively Charged Leptonic Particle
• Beryllium abundances in metal-poor stars
• 6Li/7Li estimates for metal-poor stars
• Revised Big Bang Nucleosynthesis with long-lived negatively charged massive particles: updated recombination rates, primordial 9Be nucleosynthesis, and impact of new 6Li limits
• Effects of Long-lived 10 MeV Scale Sterile Neutrino on Primordial Elemental Abundances and Effective Neutrino Number
• Bridging the primordial A=8 divide with Catalyzed Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Chemical separation of primordial Li${}^{+}$ during structure formation caused by nanogauss magnetic field
• CBBN in the CMSSM

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Introduction to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and Modern Cosmology
• Inhomogeneity in the early Galactic chemical enrichment exposed by beryllium abundances in extremely metal-poor stars
• Revised Uncertainties in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Detecting weak beryllium lines with CUBES
• Nuclear fusion catalyzed by doubly charged scalars: Implications for energy production