Charge, neutron, and weak size of the atomic nucleus

Abstract

What is the size of the atomic nucleus? This deceivably simple question is difficult to answer. While the electric charge distributions in atomic nuclei were measured accurately already half a century ago, our knowledge of the distribution of neutrons is still deficient. In addition to constraining the size of atomic nuclei, the neutron distribution also impacts the number of nuclei that can exist and the size of neutron stars. We present an ab initio calculation of the neutron distribution of the neutron-rich nucleus ${}^{48}$Ca. We show that the neutron skin (difference between radii of neutron and proton distributions) is significantly smaller than previously thought. We also make predictions for the electric dipole polarizability and the weak form factor; both quantities are currently targeted by precision measurements. Based on ab initio results for ${}^{48}$Ca, we provide a constraint on the size of a neutron star.

References in corpus (11)

• Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Chiral effective field theory and nuclear forces
• Improved nuclear matter calculations from chiral low-momentum interactions
• Accurate nuclear radii and binding energies from a chiral interaction
• Similarity Renormalization Group for Nucleon-Nucleon Interactions
• Structure of A=10-13 nuclei with two- plus three-nucleon interactions from chiral effective field theory
• Coupled-cluster theory for three-body Hamiltonians
• Dipole polarizability of 120Sn and nuclear energy density functionals
• Three-nucleon forces and spectroscopy of neutron-rich calcium isotopes
• Solution of the center-of-mass problem in nuclear structure calculations
• Giant and pigmy dipole resonances in 4He, 16,22O, and 40Ca from chiral nucleon-nucleon interactions

Cited by in corpus (228)

• New constraints on radii and tidal deformabilities of neutron stars from GW170817
• Status and Future of Nuclear Matrix Elements for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay: A Review
• Implications of PREX-II on the equation of state of neutron-rich matter
• Evolution of shell structure in exotic nuclei
• Nucleon-Nucleon Correlations, Short-lived Excitations, and the Quarks Within
• Discrepancy between experimental and theoretical $\beta$-decay rates resolved from first principles
• Chiral interactions up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order and nuclear saturation
• Precision Determination of the Neutral Weak Form Factor of ${}^{48}$Ca
• A nucleus-dependent valence-space approach to nuclear structure
• Ab initio predictions link the neutron skin of ${}^{208}$Pb to nuclear forces
• Structure of the lightest tin isotopes
• 50 Years of Quantum Chromodynamics
• Saturation with chiral interactions and consequences for finite nuclei
• Electric dipole polarizability of ${}^{48}$Ca and implications for the neutron skin
• Novel chiral Hamiltonian and observables in light and medium-mass nuclei
• Asymmetric nuclear matter based on chiral two- and three-nucleon interactions
• Accurate bulk properties of nuclei from $A=2$ to $\infty$ from potentials with $\Delta$ isobars
• Laser Spectroscopy for the Study of Exotic Nuclei
• Neutron drip line in the Ca region from Bayesian model averaging
• Charge radii of exotic potassium isotopes challenge nuclear theory and the magic character of $N=32$
• Structure of ${}^{78}$Ni from first principles computations
• Average CsI neutron density distribution from COHERENT data
• Towards an ab initio covariant density functional for nuclear structure
• Three-Nucleon Forces: Implementation and Applications to Atomic Nuclei and Dense Matter
• Measurement and microscopic description of odd-even staggering of charge radii of exotic copper isotopes
• Radii and binding energies in oxygen isotopes: a puzzle for nuclear forces
• Simulations of Subatomic Many-Body Physics on a Quantum Frequency Processor
• Neutron skins of atomic nuclei: per aspera ad astra
• Towards the global description of nuclear charge radii: exploring the Fayans energy density functional
• Constraints on Nuclear Symmetry Energy Parameters
• Global sensitivity analysis of bulk properties of an atomic nucleus
• Quenching of single-particle strength from direct reactions with stable and rare-isotope beams
• Equation of State for Nucleonic and Hyperonic Neutron Stars with Mass and Radius Constraints
• Nuclear binding near a quantum phase transition
• Proton distribution radii of ${}^{12-19}$C illuminate features of neutron halos
• Relativistic parameterizations of neutron matter and implications for neutron stars
• Impact of nuclear mass uncertainties on the $r$-process
• Can Ab Initio Theory Explain the Phenomenon of Parity Inversion in ${}^{11}$Be?
• Delta isobars and nuclear saturation
• Combined theoretical analysis of the parity-violating asymmetry for ${}^{48}$Ca and ${}^{208}Pb$
• Charge radii of exotic neon and magnesium isotopes
• Phases of dense matter in compact stars
• New equations of state constrained by nuclear physics, observations, and QCD calculations of high-density nuclear matter
• Essential elements for nuclear binding
• A two-neutron halo is unveiled in ${}^{29}$F
• The nuclear contacts and short range correlations in nuclei
• Importance of isobar density distributions on the chiral magnetic effect search
• Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of light nuclei with local chiral two- and three-nucleon interactions
• New Features in the Electromagnetic Structure of the Neutron
• Recent developments for the optical model of nuclei
• Coupled-cluster calculations of neutrinoless double-beta decay in ${}^{48}$Ca
• Quark-Meson-Coupling (QMC) model for finite nuclei, nuclear matter and beyond
• Symmetry Energy III: Isovector Skins
• Towards grounding nuclear physics in QCD
• In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group for Closed and Open-Shell Nuclei
• Nuclear structure factors for general spin-independent WIMP-nucleus scattering
• Nuclear charge densities in spherical and deformed nuclei: towards precise calculations of charge radii
• Nuclear Charge Radii of the Nickel Isotopes ${}^{58-68,70}$Ni
• From bound states to the continuum
• Emergent properties of nuclei from ab initio coupled-cluster calculations
• Local nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon interactions within chiral effective field theory
• What is ab initio in nuclear theory?
• Nuclear matrix elements from lattice QCD for electroweak and beyond-Standard-Model processes
• Open $sd$-shell nuclei from first principles
• Pion-less effective field theory for atomic nuclei and lattice nuclei
• Light Axial Vectors, Nuclear Transitions, and the ${}^8$Be Anomaly
• Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering on 40Ar from first principles
• Electric dipole polarizability from first principles calculations
• Ab initio computation of charge densities for Sn and Xe isotopes
• New Gogny interaction suitable for astrophysical applications
• Electric and magnetic dipole modes in high-resolution inelastic proton scattering at $0^{\circ }$
• Reinterpreting the weak mixing angle from atomic parity violation in view of the Cs neutron rms radius measurement from COHERENT
• Constraints on the Symmetry Energy from PREX-II in the Multimessenger Era
• Constraints on the nuclear symmetry energy from asymmetric-matter calculations with chiral NN and 3N interactions
• Probing chiral interactions up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order in medium-mass nuclei
• Precision Mass Measurement of ${}^{58-63}$Cr: Nuclear Collectivity towards the \emph{N}=40 Island of Inversion
• Regulator Artifacts in Uniform Matter for Chiral Interactions
• Multi-messenger and multi-physics Bayesian inference for GW170817 binary neutron star merger
• Cooling of Small and Massive Hyperonic Stars
• Spectrum of shear modes in the neutron-star crust: Estimating the nuclear-physics uncertainties
• Implications of PREX-2 on the electric dipole polarizability of neutron rich nuclei
• Microscopic optical potentials for calcium isotopes
• New physics from COHERENT data with improved Quenching Factor
• Isotope Shifts of Radium Monofluoride Molecules
• Neutron skin and signature of the $N$ = 14 shell gap found from measured proton radii of ${}^{17-22}$N
• Trends of Neutron Skins and Radii of Mirror Nuclei from First Principles
• New Ideas in Constraining Nuclear Forces
• The neutron skin thickness of ${}^{48}$Ca from a nonlocal-dispersive-optical-model analysis
• Shell-model coupled-cluster method for open-shell nuclei
• Difference in proton radii of mirror nuclei as a possible surrogate for the neutron skin
• Charge radius of the short-lived ${}^{68}$Ni and correlation with the dipole polarizability
• Bayesian inference of nuclear symmetry energy from measured and imagined neutron skin thickness in ${}^{116,118,120,122,124,130,132}$Sn, ${}^{208}$Pb, and ${}^{48}$Ca
• Nuclear charge and neutron radii and nuclear matter: trend analysis
• Weinberg eigenvalues for chiral nucleon-nucleon interactions
• Determining the nuclear neutron distribution from Coherent Elastic neutrino-Nucleus Scattering: current results and future prospects
• Implications of parity-violating electron scattering experiments on ${}^{48}$Ca (CREX) and ${}^{208}$Pb (PREX-II) for nuclear energy density functionals
• Insights into nuclear saturation density from parity violating electron scattering
• Nucleonic metamodelling in light of multimessenger, PREX-II and CREX data
• Nuclear symmetry energy and hadron-quark mixed phase in neutron stars
• Influence of the neutron-skin effect on nuclear isobar collisions at RHIC
• Training and Projecting: A Reduced Basis Method Emulator for Many-Body Physics
• Charge radii of ${}^{55,56}$Ni reveal a surprisingly similar behavior at $N=28$ in Ca and Ni isotopes
• Multi-phase transport model predictions of isobaric collisions with nuclear structures from density functional theory
• Lepton scattering from ${}^{40}$Ar and ${}^{48}$Ti in the quasielastic peak region
• Computing the dipole polarizability of 48Ca with increased precision
• Power counting in chiral effective field theory and nuclear binding
• The deuteron-radius puzzle is alive: A new analysis of nuclear structure uncertainties
• Evidence for Z=6 `magic number' in neutron-rich carbon isotopes
• High-resolution laser spectroscopy of ${}^{27-32}$Al
• Nuclear electromagnetic dipole response with the Self-Consistent Green's Function formalism
• A dispersive optical model analysis of ${}^{208}$Pb generating a neutron-skin prediction beyond the mean field
• Nuclear charge radii of silicon isotopes
• Natural orbitals for many-body expansion methods
• Effects of nuclear symmetry energy and equation of state on neutron star properties
• Ab Initio Derivation of Model Energy Density Functionals
• Nuclear dipole polarizability from mean-field modeling constrained by chiral effective field theory
• Effective field theory in the harmonic oscillator basis
• Electroweak probes of ground state densities
• Ab initio nuclear response functions for dark matter searches
• Neutron Skins and Halo Orbits in the $sd$ and $pf$ shells
• Electric dipole strength and dipole polarizability in ${}^{48}$Ca within a fully self-consistent second random-phase approximation
• Sensitivity of the fusion cross section to the density dependence of the symmetry energy
• Relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock theory for neutron drops
• Accessing the Single-Particle Structure of the Pygmy Dipole Resonance in ${}^{208}$Pb
• Challenges in Nuclear Structure Theory
• Deep-neural-network approach to solving the ab initio nuclear structure problem
• Radii of neutron drops probed via the neutron skin thickness of nuclei
• Systematic Matter and Binding-Energy Distributions from a Dispersive Optical Model Analysis
• Hybrid stars in light of the HESS J1731-347 remnant and the PREX-II experiment
• The nuclear force imprints revealed on the elastic scattering of protons with ${}^{10}$C
• Correlations between charge radii differences of mirror nuclei and stellar observables
• Multiscale physics of atomic nuclei from first principles
• Benchmark calculations of electromagnetic sum rules with a symmetry-adapted basis and hyperspherical harmonics
• Sensitivities and correlations of nuclear structure observables emerging from chiral interactions
• Ab Initio Excited States from the In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group
• Improved structure of calcium isotopes from ab initio calculations
• Testing isospin symmetry breaking in ab initio nuclear theory
• Structure of 55Sc and development of the N=34 subshell closure
• Electric dipole polarizability of ${}^{40}$Ca
• Surprising charge-radius kink in the Sc isotopes at N=20
• Ab initio computations of strongly deformed nuclei around ${}^{80}$Zr
• Uncertainties in constraining low-energy constants from ${}^3$H $\beta$ decay
• Deformed in-medium similarity renormalization group
• Influence of complex configurations on properties of pygmy dipole resonance in neutron-rich Ca isotopes
• Relativistic chiral description of the ${}^1{S}_0$ nucleon-nucleon scattering
• $g$-matrix folding-model approach to reaction cross sections for scattering of Ca isotopes on a C target
• Emulating \emph{ab initio} computations of infinite nucleonic matter
• Hyperonic Neutron Star Matter in Light of GW170817
• Nuclear charge radii of Na isotopes: A tale of two theories
• Indirect methods in nuclear astrophysics with relativistic radioactive beams
• Setting nonperturbative uncertainties on finite-temperature properties of neutron matter
• Nuclear Structure from the In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group
• Examining the $N$ = 28 shell closure through high-precision mass measurements of ${}^{46-48}$Ar
• Light Nuclei from Lattice QCD: Spectrum, Structure and Reactions
• Phase-space distributions of nuclear short-range correlations
• Spin-isospin correlated configurations in complex nuclei and neutron skin effect in W${}^{\pm }$ production in high-energy proton-lead collisions
• Ab initio descriptions of $A=16$ mirror nuclei with resonance and continuum coupling
• Toward ab initio charge symmetry breaking in nuclear energy density functionals
• Incorporating the weak mixing angle dependence to reconcile the neutron skin measurement on 208Pb by PREX-II
• Precision mass measurements of magnesium isotopes and implications on the validity of the Isobaric Mass Multiplet Equation
• Theoretical tools for neutrino scattering: interplay between lattice QCD, EFTs, nuclear physics, phenomenology, and neutrino event generators
• A Study of Charge Radii and Neutron Skin Thickness near Nuclear Drip Lines
• Nuclear-matter saturation and symmetry energy within $\Delta$--full chiral effective field theory
• Nucleon momentum distribution of ${}^{56}\text{Fe}$ from the axially deformed relativistic mean-field model with nucleon--nucleon correlations
• Recent Progress in Low Energy Neutrino Scattering Physics and Its Implications for the Standard and Beyond the Standard Model Physics
• Quantum Monte Carlo in Configuration Space with Three-Nucleon Forces
• Electromagnetic moments of the antimony isotopes ${}^{112-133}$Sb
• Spectroscopy of ${}^{50}$Sc and ab initio calculations of $B(M3)$ strengths
• Neutron skin systematics from microscopic equations of state
• The relationship of the neutron-skin thickness to the symmetry energy and its slope
• Merging ab initio theory and few-body approach for $(d,p)$ reactions
• Bayesian analysis of nuclear polarizability corrections to the Lamb shift of muonic H-atoms and He-ions
• Nuclear pasta and symmetry energy in the relativistic point-coupling model
• Neutron Skins: Weak Elastic Scattering and Neutron Stars
• Electric dipole polarizability of ${}^{58}$Ni
• Constraining the relativistic mean-field models from PREX-2 data: Effective forces revisited
• The radius of a typical-mass neutron star and chiral effective field theory
• High-precision $Q_{EC}$-value measurement of the superallowed ${\beta }^{+}$ emitter ${}^{22}$Mg and an evaluation of the $A=22$ isobaric triplet
• Chiral NNLO${}_{\text{sat}}$ descriptions of nuclear multipole resonances within the random phase approximation
• Magnetic moments of short-lived nuclei with part-per-million accuracy: Towards novel applications of $\beta$-detected NMR in physics, chemistry and biology
• Emergence of low-energy monopole strength in the neutron-rich calcium isotopes
• Impact of the neutron matter equation of state on neutron skin and neutron drip lines in chiral effective field theory
• Simultaneous Extraction of the Weak Radius and the Weak Mixing Angle from Parity-Violating Electron Scattering on ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$
• Investigation of constraints on few-neutron forces in neutron matter by empirical information on the neutron skin of 48Ca and 208Pb
• Uncertainty quantification for $\mu \to e$ conversion in nuclei: charge distributions
• Inferring three-nucleon couplings from multi-messenger neutron-star observations
• Structure and dynamics of open-shell nuclei from spherical coupled-cluster theory
• Comparison of nuclear hamiltonians using spectral function sum rules
• Ensembles of unified crust and core equations of state in a nuclear-multimessenger astrophysics environment
• Charge radii of Ca isotopes and correlations
• Introduction of the one-body correlation operator in the unitary-model-operator approach
• $\alpha$-nucleus optical potentials from chiral effective field theory $NN$ interactions
• Ab initio computations of the fourth-order charge density moments of ${}^{48}$Ca and ${}^{208}$Pb
• Ab initio calculations of overlap integrals for $\mu \to e$ conversion in nuclei
• Weak radius of the proton
• Electromagnetic reactions from coupled-cluster theory
• Global Framework for Emulation of Nuclear Calculations
• Electric dipole polarizability constraints on neutron skin and symmetry energy
• A study of nuclear radii and neutron skin thickness of neutron-rich nuclei near the neutron drip line
• Low-energy theorems for neutron-proton scattering in $\chi$EFT using a perturbative power counting
• Pygmy resonances and symmetry energy
• Nuclear multipole responses from chiral effective field theory interaction
• Connecting Relativistic Density Functional Theory to Microscopic Calculations
• Local two- and three-nucleon chiral interactions
• Ab initio models of atomic nuclei: challenges and new ideas
• Simulation of a Three-Nucleons System Transition on Quantum Circuits
• NuLattice: Ab initio computations of atomic nuclei on lattices
• Investigation of ground state properties and shape evolution in Hf isotopes using the CDFT approach
• Effect of short- and long-range correlations on neutron skins of various neutron-rich doubly magic nuclei
• Microscopic Investigation of Ground State Properties and Shape Evolution in Osmium Isotopes
• Neutron skin of 48Ca deduced from interaction cross section
• Weak Charge Form Factor Determination at the Electron-Ion Collider
• Direct ab initio calculation of the ${}^4$He nuclear electric dipole polarizability
• Nuclear ab initio calculations of 6He $\beta$-decay for beyond the Standard Model studies
• Measuring the Low-Energy Weak Mixing Angle with Supernova Neutrinos
• Bridging reaction theory and nuclear structure in ${\pi }^{\pm }$-${}^{48}$Ca scattering
• Bayesian estimation of the low-energy constants up to fourth order in the nucleon-nucleon sector of chiral effective field theory
• Combining nuclear reactions and structure with the dispersive optical model
• Light clusters as a possible source of crustal impurities: a quasi-particle approach
• Coupled-cluster computations of optical potential for medium-mass nuclei
• Conformal prediction for uncertainties in nucleon-nucleon scattering
• Electromagnetic sum rules for 22O from coupled-cluster theory
• Quantum State Preparation with Resolution Refinement
• Universal trend of charge radii of even-even Ca-Zn nuclei
• Unified Equation of State for Neutron Stars Based on the Gogny Interaction
• An overview of symmetric nuclear matter properties from chiral interactions up to fourth order of the chiral expansion
• Constraining Nuclear Symmetry Energy parameters from Neutron skin thickness of ${}^{48}$Ca
• Investigating the weak charge of ${}^{48}$Ca using a dispersive optical model