Hybrid stars in light of the HESS J1731-347 remnant and the PREX-II experiment

Abstract

The recent analysis on the central compact object in the HESS J1731-347 remnant suggests interestingly small values for its mass and radius. Such an observation favors soft nuclear models that may be challenged by the observation of massive compact stars. In contrast, the recent PREX-II experiment, concerning the neutron skin thickness of ${}^{208}$Pb, points towards stiff equations of state that favor larger compact star radii. In the present study, we aim to explore the compatibility between stiff hadronic equations of state (favored by PREX-II) and the HESS J1731-347 remnant in the context of hybrid stars. For the construction of hybrid equations of state we use three widely employed Skyrme models combined with the well-known vector MIT bag model. Furthermore we consider two different scenarios concerning the energy density of the bag. In the first case, that of a constant bag parameter, we find that the resulting hybrid equations of state are strongly disfavored by the observation of $\sim 2M_{\odot }$ pulsars. However, the introduction of a Gaussian density dependence yields results that are compatible with the conservative $2M_{\odot }$ constraint. The utilization of recent data based on the observation of PSR J0030+0451, PSR J0952-0607 and GW190814 allows for the imposition of additional constraints on the relevant parameters and the stiffness of the two phases. Interestingly, we find that the derived hybrid equations of state do not satisfy the PSR J0030+0451 constraints in $1\sigma$ and only marginally agree with the $2\sigma$ estimations. In addition, we estimate that the observation of massive pulsars, like PSR J0952-0607, in combination with the existence of HESS J1731-347, may require a strong phase transition below $\sim 1.7n_0$. Finally, we show that the supermassive compact object involved in GW190814 could potentially be explained as a rapidly rotating hybrid star.

v1: 15 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables; v2: 15 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables, updated to match the published version; Accepted for publication in Physical Review D

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• Could a slow stable hybrid star explain the central compact object in HESS~J1731-347?
• XTE J1814-338: A potential hybrid star candidate
• Speed of sound bounds and first-order phase transitions in compact stars
• Confronting new NICER mass-radius measurements with phase transition in dense matter and twin compact stars
• Two-flavor color superconducting quark stars may not exist
• Is the central compact object in HESS J1731-347 a hybrid star with a quark core? An analysis with the constant speed of sound parametrization
• Analyzing the dense matter equation of states in the light of the compact object HESS J1731-347
• Bayesian Quantification of Observability and Equation of State of Twin Stars
• Towards a unified hadron-quark equation of state for neutron stars within the relativistic mean-field model
• Non-radial oscillations of hadronic neutron stars, quark stars, and hybrid stars : Calculation of $f$, $p$, and $g$ mode frequencies
• Confronting recent light compact star observations with color-flavor locked quark matter
• Constraints on color-flavor locked quark matter in view of the HESS J1731-347 measurement
• Properties of the Object HESS J1731-347 as a Twin Compact Star
• On the Cooling of Compact Stars in Light of the HESS J1731-347 Remnant
• Systematic study of the morphology and length of slow stable hybrid star branches
• Examining the possibility of a thick crust in the compact stellar object HESS J1731-347