Laser Spectroscopy for the Study of Exotic Nuclei

Abstract

Investigation into the properties and structure of unstable nuclei far from stability remains a key avenue of research in modern nuclear physics. These efforts are motivated by the continual observation of unexpected structure phenomena in nuclei with unusual proton-to-neutron ratios. In recent decades, laser spectroscopy techniques have made significant contributions in our understanding of exotic nuclei in different mass regions encompassing almost the entire nuclear chart. This is achieved through determining multiple fundamental properties of nuclear ground and isomeric states, such as nuclear spins, magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments and charge radii, via the measurement of hyperfine structures and isotope shifts in the atomic or ionic spectra of the nuclei of interest. These properties, when measured with sufficient precision for a long range of isotopes, offer prominent tests of recently developed state-of-the-art theory and help to stimulate new developments to improve the many-body methods and nucleon-nucleon interactions at the core of these models. With the aim of exploring more exotic short-lived nuclei located ever closer to the proton and neutron driplines, laser spectroscopy techniques, with their continuous technological developments towards higher resolution and higher sensitivity, are extensively employed at current- and next-generation radioactive ion beam facilities worldwide. Ongoing efforts in parallel promise to make even more exotic species available for study at next-generation facilities. Very recently, an innovative application of laser spectroscopy on molecules containing short-lived nuclei has been demonstrated offering additional opportunities for several fields of research, e.g. fundamental symmetry studies and astrophysics.

arXiv comment129 pages (bibliography 56 pages), 32 figures, invited review for Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. Comments and suggestions are welcome

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• Opportunities for Fundamental Physics Research with Radioactive Molecules
• Separating the impact of nuclear skin and nuclear deformation in high-energy isobar collisions
• Impact of two-body currents on magnetic dipole moments of nuclei
• Nuclear charge radii of silicon isotopes
• Correlations between charge radii differences of mirror nuclei and stellar observables
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• Improved description of nuclear charge radii: Global trends beyond $N=28$ shell closure
• Critical evaluation of reference charge radii and applications in mirror nuclei
• Imaging nuclear shape through anisotropic and radial flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Estimation of the slope of nuclear symmetry energy via charge radii of mirror nuclei
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• All-optical Differential Radii in Zinc
• Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa unitarity deficit reduction via finite nuclear size
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• High Voltage Determination and Stabilization for Collinear Laser Spectroscopy Applications
• Extraction of ground-state nuclear deformations from ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions: Nuclear structure physics context
• Nuclear charge radii of germanium isotopes around $N$ = 40
• Discovering Nuclear Models from Symbolic Machine Learning
• Correlation between the charge radii difference in mirror partner nuclei and the symmetry energy slope
• Relativistic atomic structure calculations in support of spectroscopy
• Electromagnetic moments in the Sn-Gd region determined within nuclear DFT
• Shell quenching in nuclear charge radii based on Monte Carlo dropout Bayesian neural network
• Ab initio study of the radii of oxygen isotopes
• Subspace-projected multireference covariant density functional theory
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• Spectral line-shape in collinear laser spectroscopy after atomic charge exchange
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• Electromagnetic moments of ground and excited states calculated in heavy odd-N open-shell nuclei
• A new beamline for Resonant Excitation of Beams with Electromagnetic fields and Lasers (REBEL) and Stopping and Trapping of Radioactive Isotopes for Precision Experiments (STRIPE)
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