Towards grounding nuclear physics in QCD

Abstract

Exascale computing could soon enable a predictive theory of nuclear structure and reactions rooted in the Standard Model, with quantifiable and systematically improvable uncertainties. Such a predictive theory will help exploit experiments that use nucleons and nuclei as laboratories for testing the Standard Model and its limitations. Examples include direct dark matter detection, neutrinoless double beta decay, and searches for permanent electric dipole moments of the neutron and atoms. It will also help connect QCD to the properties of cold neutron stars and hot supernova cores. We discuss how a quantitative bridge between QCD and the properties of nuclei and nuclear matter will require a synthesis of lattice QCD (especially as applied to two- and three-nucleon interactions), effective field theory, and ab initio methods for solving the nuclear many-body problem. While there are significant challenges that must be addressed in developing this triad of theoretical tools, the rapid advance of computing is accelerating progress. In particular, we focus this review on the anticipated advances from lattice QCD and how these advances will impact few-body effective theories of nuclear physics by providing critical input, such as constraints on unknown low-energy constants of the effective (field) theories. We also review particular challenges that must be overcome for the successful application of lattice QCD for low-energy nuclear physics. We describe progress in developing few-body effective (field) theories of nuclear physics, with an emphasis on HOBET, a non-relativistic effective theory of nuclear physics, which is less common in the literature. We use the examples of neutrinoless double beta decay and the nuclear-matter equation of state to illustrate how the coupling of lattice QCD to effective theory might impact our understanding of symmetries and exotic astrophysical environments.

v3: version published in Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics; v2: updated manuscript based upon community feedback and referee comments. Also, substantially re-written section on two-nucleon lattice QCD controversy. 53.5 pages plus a "few more" references; v1: Contribution to: The tower of effective (field) theories and the emergence of nuclear phenomena; 47 pages plus a "few" references

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• Hyperons in nuclear matter from SU(3) chiral effective field theory
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• Nucleon form factors on a large volume lattice near the physical point in 2+1 flavor QCD
• The Low Energy Constants of $SU(2)$ Partially Quenched Chiral Perturbation Theory from $N_f=2+1$ Domain Wall QCD
• K pi scattering and the K* decay width from lattice QCD
• Nucleon isovector charges and twist-2 matrix elements with $N_f=2+1$ dynamical Wilson quarks
• Two-Nucleon Systems in a Finite Volume: (II) 3S1-3D1 Coupled Channels and the Deuteron
• Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay and the Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe
• Precision Analysis of the ${}^{136}$Xe Two-Neutrino $\beta \beta$ Spectrum in KamLAND-Zen and Its Impact on the Quenching of Nuclear Matrix Elements
• Generalized Lüscher Formula in Multi-channel Baryon-Meson Scattering
• P- and T-Violating Lagrangians in Chiral Effective Field Theory and Nuclear Electric Dipole Moments
• Hot neutron matter from a Self-Consistent Green's Functions approach
• $Abinitio$ constraints on thermal effects of the nuclear equation of state
• On the Feynman-Hellmann Theorem in Quantum Field Theory and the Calculation of Matrix Elements
• SU(2) chiral perturbation theory low-energy constants from 2+1 flavor staggered lattice simulations
• Nuclear Theory and Science of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams
• Baryon mass splittings and strong CP violation in SU(3) Chiral Perturbation Theory
• A finite-volume matrix Hamiltonian model for a Delta -> nucleon-pion system
• Higher-order symmetry energy and neutron star core-crust transition with Gogny forces
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• Dense baryonic matter: constraints from recent neutron star observations
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• On the computation of hadron-to-hadron transition matrix elements in lattice QCD
• Lattice QCD Calculation of Nuclear Parity Violation
• On Lattice Calculation of Electric Dipole Moments and Form Factors of the Nucleon
• Neutrinoless double beta decay in effective field theory: the light Majorana neutrino exchange mechanism
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• The nucleon axial-vector coupling beyond one loop
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• Double-$\beta$ Decay Matrix Elements from Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics
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• The $b_1$ resonance in coupled $\pi \omega$, $\pi \varphi$ scattering from lattice QCD
• Probing chiral interactions up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order in medium-mass nuclei
• Finite volume corrections to pi-pi scattering
• Coupled channel approach to strangeness S = -2 baryon-bayron interactions in Lattice QCD
• Leading three-baryon forces from SU(3) chiral effective field theory
• Effective Theory of 3H and 3He
• Meson-Baryon Scattering Lengths from Mixed-Action Lattice QCD
• Nucleon Electromagnetic Form Factors in the Continuum Limit from 2+1+1-flavor Lattice QCD
• Spin-Orbit Force from Lattice QCD
• Regulator Artifacts in Uniform Matter for Chiral Interactions
• Two-Nucleon Bound States in Quenched Lattice QCD
• Nuclear modification of scalar, axial and tensor charges from lattice QCD
• The Time-Reversal- and Parity-Violating Nuclear Potential in Chiral Effective Theory
• The $\pi \gamma \to \pi \pi$ transition and the $\rho$ radiative decay width from lattice QCD
• Shining LUX on Isospin-Violating Dark Matter Beyond Leading Order
• Disconnected contributions to the spin of the nucleon
• ADG: Automated generation and evaluation of many-body diagrams I. Bogoliubov many-body perturbation theory
• On the extraction of zero momentum form factors on the lattice
• Form factors of two-hadron states from a covariant finite-volume formalism
• Solving the PCAC puzzle for nucleon axial and pseudoscalar form factors
• Pairing in neutron matter: New uncertainty estimates and three-body forces
• An electroweak basis for neutrinoless double $\beta$ decay
• New Ideas in Constraining Nuclear Forces
• Proton-proton fusion in pionless effective theory
• Light Neutron-Rich Hypernuclei from the Importance-Truncated No-Core Shell Model
• Construction of energy-independent potentials above inelastic thresholds in quantum field theories
• Spectra and Scattering of Light Lattice Nuclei from Effective Field Theory
• Quenching of nuclear matrix elements for $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay by chiral two-body currents
• First-principle calculations of Dark Matter scattering off light nuclei
• The Hyperon Puzzle in Neutron Stars
• Extracting the neutron-neutron scattering length -- recent developments
• A study of hyperons in nuclear matter based on chiral effective field theory
• Nuclear electromagnetic currents to fourth order in chiral effective field theory
• A Feynman-Hellmann approach to the spin structure of hadrons
• The Theory of Parity Violation in Few-Nucleon Systems
• The Search for Dark Matter
• Strong Isospin Breaking in the Nucleon and Delta Masses on the Lattice
• Hyperons in Two Flavor Chiral Perturbation Theory
• Neutron star structure from QCD
• Weinberg eigenvalues for chiral nucleon-nucleon interactions
• Microscopic predictions of the nuclear matter liquid-gas phase transition
• Pion scattering in the isospin I=2 channel from elongated lattices
• Induced Hyperon-Nucleon-Nucleon Interactions and the Hyperon Puzzle
• Two parity violating asymmetries from $np\to d\gamma$ in pionless effective field theories
• The Delta-resonance in a finite volume
• Long-range electroweak amplitudes of single hadrons from Euclidean finite-volume correlation functions
• Precision lattice QCD computation of the $B^{\ast }B\pi$ coupling
• Fitting two nucleons inside a box: exponentially suppressed corrections to the Luscher's formula
• First lattice QCD study of the gluonic structure of light nuclei
• Self-consistent Green's function approaches
• A New Paradigm for Hadronic Parity Nonconservation and its Experimental Implications
• A Lattice Test of 1/N_c Baryon Mass Relations
• Nucleon-pion-state contribution in lattice calculations of the nucleon charges $g_A,g_T$ and $g_S$
• Long-distance Contributions to Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay ${\pi }^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}ee$
• Density-dependent effective baryon-baryon interaction from chiral three-baryon forces
• Lattice QCD approach to Nuclear Physics
• From the microscopic to the macroscopic world: from nucleons to neutron stars
• Three-nucleon force in chiral EFT with explicit $\Delta (1232)$ degrees of freedom: Longest-range contributions at fourth order
• Perturbative $NN$ scattering in chiral effective field theory
• Hypernuclear No-Core Shell Model
• Scattering of decuplet baryons in chiral effective field theory
• Low-energy theorems for nucleon-nucleon scattering at unphysical pion masses
• Nuclear Force from Lattice QCD
• A chiral effective field theory study of hadronic parity violation in few-nucleon systems
• Nucleon-pion-state contribution to nucleon two-point correlation functions
• Lattice QCD spectroscopy for hadronic CP violation
• Two and Three Nucleons in a Trap and the Continuum Limit
• Neutron-antineutron oscillations from lattice QCD
• Light-Neutrino Exchange and Long-Distance Contributions to $0\nu 2\beta$ Decays: An Exploratory Study on $\pi \pi \to ee$
• Axial couplings and strong decay widths of heavy hadrons
• Statistical uncertainties of a chiral interaction at next-to-next-to leading order
• On the convergence of nuclear effective field theory with perturbative pions
• Decoupling in the Similarity Renormalization Group for Nucleon-Nucleon Forces
• The Triton Charge Radius to Next-to-next-to-leading order in Pionless Effective Field Theory
• Nucleon-nucleon interactions via Lattice QCD: Methodology --HAL QCD approach to extract hadronic interactions in lattice QCD--
• Neutron matter based on consistently evolved chiral three-nucleon interactions
• Lattice baryons in the 1/N expansion
• The Renormalization Group in Nuclear Physics
• Future Prospects for Constraining Nuclear Matter Parameters with Gravitational Waves
• SU(2) Low-Energy Constants from Mixed-Action Lattice QCD
• Evidence for non-analytic light quark mass dependence in the baryon spectrum
• Lattice study of large $N_c$ QCD
• Neutral kaon mixing from new physics: matrix elements in $N_f=2+1$ QCD
• Consistency checks for two-body finite-volume matrix elements: I. Conserved currents and bound states
• Baryon interactions from lattice QCD with physical quark masses -- Nuclear forces and $\Xi \Xi$ forces --
• Relation between scattering amplitude and Bethe-Salpeter wave function in quantum field theory
• Low energy scattering phase shifts for meson-baryon systems
• Low-energy theorems for nucleon-nucleon scattering at $M_{\pi }=450$ MeV
• On the effect of excited states in lattice calculations of the nucleon axial charge
• Nuclear Reactions from Lattice QCD
• A complex path around the sign problem
• Chiral perturbation theory and nucleon-pion-state contaminations in lattice QCD
• Similarity renormalization group evolution of hypernuclear Hamiltonians
• Consistency checks for two-body finite-volume matrix elements: II. Perturbative systems
• Scattering phaseshift formulas for mesons and baryons in elongated boxes
• Effective interactions for light nuclei: an effective (field theory) approach
• Density-dependent NN-interaction from subleading chiral 3N-forces: Long-range terms
• A recursive approach to determine correlation functions in multi-baryon systems
• Parity violation in proton-proton scattering from chiral effective field theory
• Hyperon Axial Charges in Two-Flavor Chiral Perturbation Theory
• Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of dark matter scattering off light nuclei
• Charge and Magnetic Properties of Three-Nucleon Systems in Pionless Effective Field Theory
• Tritium $\beta$-decay in pionless effective field theory
• A submission to the 2020 update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics on behalf of the COMET, MEG, Mu2e and Mu3e collaborations
• Dilute Fermi gas at fourth order in effective field theory
• Uncertainties in constraining low-energy constants from ${}^3$H $\beta$ decay
• Doubly magic nuclei from Lattice QCD forces at $M_{PS}=$469 MeV/c${}^2$
• Physical results from 2+1 flavor Domain Wall QCD
• Density-dependent NN-interaction from subleading chiral 3N-forces: short-range terms and relativistic corrections
• Chiral potential renormalized in harmonic-oscillator space
• Strong isospin violation and chiral logarithms in the baryon spectrum
• Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of two neutrons in finite volume
• Ab-initio calculation of the proton and the neutron's scalar couplings for new physics searches
• Exact calculation of three-body contact interaction to second order
• Nuclear matter properties at finite temperatures from effective interactions
• $N\pi$-states and the projection method for the nucleon axial and pseudoscalar form factors
• Variational Calculations of Nuclei with Low-Momentum Potentials
• The chromomagnetic operator on the lattice
• K -> pi matrix elements of the chromagnetic operator on the lattice
• Time Reversal Violation in Light Nuclei
• Lattice calculations of the spectroscopy of baryons with broken flavor SU(3) symmetry and 3, 5, or 7 colors
• Lattice QCD input for nuclear structure and reactions
• Double Beta Decay APPEC Committee Report
• Parity- and Time Reversal-Violating Pion Nucleon Couplings: Higher Order Chiral Matching Relations
• The Form of the Effective Interaction in Harmonic-Oscillator-Based Effective Theory
• Comment on "Relation between scattering amplitude and Bethe-Salpeter wave function in quantum field theory"
• Simulating the weak death of the neutron in a femtoscale universe with near-Exascale computing
• Comparison of different source calculations in two-nucleon channel at large quark mass
• Variational Calculations using Low-Momentum Potentials with Smooth Cutoffs
• Reply to "Comment on `Relation between scattering amplitude and Bethe-Salpeter wave function in quantum field theory"'
• Role of the total isospin 3/2 component in three-nucleon reactions
• Three-particle $N\pi \pi$ state contribution to the nucleon two-point function in lattice QCD
• Third-order particle-hole ring diagrams with contact-interactions and one-pion exchange
• Bayesian truncation errors in equations of state of nuclear matter with chiral nucleon-nucleon potentials
• Auxiliary Field Diffusion Monte Carlo study of the Hyperon-Nucleon interaction in $\Lambda$-hypernuclei
• Scattering amplitude from Bethe-Salpeter wave function inside the interaction range
• Strong isospin breaking with twisted mass lattice QCD
• Comment on "Are two nucleons bound in lattice QCD for heavy quark masses? - Sanity check with Lüscher's finite volume formula -"
• Kaon Thresholds and Two-Flavor Chiral Expansions for Hyperons
• Density-dependent NN-interaction from subsubleading chiral 3N-force: Intermediate-range contributions
• LOFT - the Large Observatory for X-ray Timing
• Baryon spin-flavor structure from an analysis of lattice QCD results of the baryon spectrum
• Nuclear Physics without High-Momentum Potentials: Constructing the Nuclear Effective Interaction Directly from Scattering Observables
• From hypernuclei to the Inner Core of Neutron Stars: A Quantum Monte Carlo Study
• LOFT: the Large Observatory For X-ray Timing
• Calm Multi-Baryon Operators
• Medium-mass hypernuclei and the nucleon-isospin dependence of the three-body hyperon-nucleon-nucleon force
• Detailed studies of ${}^{100}$Mo two-neutrino double beta decay in NEMO-3
• Calculation of Nucleon Electric Dipole Moments Induced by Quark Chromo-Electric Dipole Moments
• Nuclear Matrix Elements for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay from Lattice QCD
• Foundations of Strangeness Nuclear Physics derived from chiral Effective Field Theory
• Harmonic-Oscillator-Based Effective Theory
• Symmetries and Interactions from Lattice QCD
• Recent results of nucleon structure & matrix element calculations

Cited by in corpus (41)

• Standard Model Physics and the Digital Quantum Revolution: Thoughts about the Interface
• Theoretical and Experimental Constraints for the Equation of State of Dense and Hot Matter
• Exploring QCD matter in extreme conditions with Machine Learning
• What is ab initio in nuclear theory?
• Two-nucleon S-wave interactions at the $SU(3)$ flavor-symmetric point with $m_{ud}\simeq m_s^{\mathrm{phys}}$: a first lattice QCD calculation with the stochastic Laplacian Heaviside method
• Beyond-mean-field approaches for nuclear neutrinoless double beta decay in the standard mechanism
• Status of Lattice QCD Determination of Nucleon Form Factors and their Relevance for the Few-GeV Neutrino Program
• Accurate relativistic chiral nucleon-nucleon interaction up to NNLO
• High-Energy Collision of Quarks and Mesons in the Schwinger Model: From Tensor Networks to Circuit QED
• A variational study of two-nucleon systems with lattice QCD
• Nuclear Forces for Precision Nuclear Physics -- a collection of perspectives
• Nucleonic metamodelling in light of multimessenger, PREX-II and CREX data
• Towards Precise and Accurate Calculations of Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay: Project Scoping Workshop Report
• Neutron Stars with Baryon Number Violation, Probing Dark Sectors
• Quantum Simulations in Effective Model Spaces (I): Hamiltonian Learning-VQE using Digital Quantum Computers and Application to the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick Model
• Elastic nucleon-pion scattering at $m_{\pi }=200\mathrm{MeV}$ from lattice QCD
• Strongly Bound Dibaryon with Maximal Beauty Flavor from Lattice QCD
• Dark matter component in hadronic models with short-range correlations
• Two-particle scattering from finite-volume quantization conditions using the plane wave basis
• Nuclear-level Effective Theory of $\mu \to e$ Conversion: Formalism and Applications
• On the Extraction of Low-energy Constants of Single- and Double-$\beta$ Decays from Lattice QCD: A Sensitivity Analysis
• Two-neutrino double-beta decay in pionless effective field theory from a Euclidean finite-volume correlation function
• New covariant density functionals of nuclear matter for compact star simulations
• Effective field theory for dilute Fermi systems at fourth order
• Quantum Complexity Fluctuations from Nuclear and Hypernuclear Forces
• Theoretical tools for neutrino scattering: interplay between lattice QCD, EFTs, nuclear physics, phenomenology, and neutrino event generators
• Recent progress in the electroweak structure of light nuclei using quantum Monte Carlo methods
• Optimized Two-Baryon Operators in Lattice QCD
• Nonperturbative two-pion exchange contributions to the nucleon-nucleon interaction in covariant baryon chiral perturbation theory
• How Macroscopic Limits on Neutron Star Baryon Loss Yield Microscopic Limits on Non-Standard-Model Baryon Decay
• Detailed analysis of excited state systematics in a lattice QCD calculation of $g_A$
• A brief account of Steven Weinberg's legacy in ab initio many-body theory
• Perturbative treatment of nonlocal chiral interactions in auxiliary-field diffusion Monte Carlo calculations
• Testing a Conjecture On Quantum Chromodynamics
• Di-nucleons do not form bound states at heavy pion mass
• Neutrinoless double-beta decay in a finite volume from relativistic effective field theory
• Toward extracting scattering phase shift from integrated correlation functions on quantum computers
• Effect of symmetry energy on properties of rapidly rotating neutron stars and universal relations
• Quark exchange effects in single flavored dibaryons
• Nuclear correlation functions using first-principle calculations of lattice quantum chromodynamics
• Decoding Two-Particle States in QCD with Spatial Wavefunctions