The NANOGrav Nine-year Data Set: Mass and Geometric Measurements of Binary Millisecond Pulsars

Abstract

We analyze 24 binary radio pulsars in the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) nine-year data set. We make fourteen significant measurements of Shapiro delay, including new detections in four pulsar-binary systems (PSRs J0613$-$0200, J2017+0603, J2302+4442, and J2317+1439), and derive estimates of the binary-component masses and orbital inclination for these MSP-binary systems. We find a wide range of binary pulsar masses, with values as low as $m_{\mathrm{p}}=1.18_{-0.09}^{+0.10}{\text{M}}_{\odot }$ for PSR J1918$-$0642 and as high as $m_{\mathrm{p}}=1.928_{-0.017}^{+0.017}{\text{M}}_{\odot }$ for PSR J1614$-$2230 (both 68.3\% credibility). We make an improved measurement of the Shapiro timing delay in the PSR J1918$-$0642 and J2043+1711 systems, measuring the pulsar mass in the latter system to be $m_{\mathrm{p}}=1.41_{-0.18}^{+0.21}{\text{M}}_{\odot }$ (68.3\% credibility) for the first time. We measure secular variations of one or more orbital elements in many systems, and use these measurements to further constrain our estimates of the pulsar and companion masses whenever possible. In particular, we used the observed Shapiro delay and periastron advance due to relativistic gravity in the PSR J1903+0327 system to derive a pulsar mass of $m_{\mathrm{p}}=1.65_{-0.02}^{+0.02}{\text{M}}_{\odot }$ (68.3\% credibility). We discuss the implications that our mass measurements have on the overall neutron-star mass distribution, and on the "mass/orbital-period" correlation due to extended mass transfer.

Fixed typos, added Table 5 and analysis of PSR J2145-0750. Accepted by ApJ on 24 September 2016

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• Finite-temperature equation of state with hyperons
• Properties and microscopic structures of dense stellar matter in RMF models
• Gravitational-Wave Constraints on Neutron-Star Pressure Anisotropy via Universal Relations
• Hyperonic equation of state at finite temperature for neutron stars
• The spin-orbit alignment hypothesis in millisecond pulsars
• Non-local quark models for description of dense matter in the cores of neutron stars
• The Golden Era of Neutron Stars: from Hadrons to Quarks
• Constraints from the GW170817 merger event on the nuclear matter equation of state
• Maximal mass of the neutron star with a deconfined quark core
• Equation of state for hot hyperonic neutron star matter
• Two-flavor hybrid stars with the Dyson-Schwinger quark model
• Note on fast spinning neutron stars with unified equations of states
• Shapiro Delay Measurements from Fifteen Years of PSR J1231$-$1411 Radio Observations
• Identifying the QCD Phase Transitions via the Gravitational Wave Frequency from Supernova Explosion
• The chiral phase transition and equation of state in the chiral imbalance
• Antikaon condensation in magnetized neutron star matter within the framework of the $\sigma$-cut scheme
• Constraints on the Neutron Star Equation of State from GW170817
• Learning about neutron star composition from the slope of the mass-radius diagram
• Effects of three-baryon forces on kaon condensation in hyperon-mixed matter
• Rotation-driven phase transitions in the cores of pulsars
• Study of Some Aspects of Astronuclear System
• Evolution of quasiperiodic structures in non-ideal hydrodynamic description of phase transitions
• Rotating NSs/QSs and recent astrophysical observations
• Unified Equation of State for Neutron Stars Based on the Gogny Interaction