Toward a unified equation of state for multi-messenger astronomy

Abstract

We present a first step in developing a benchmark equation-of-state (EoS) model for multi-messenger astronomy that unifies the thermodynamics of quark and hadronic degrees of freedom. A Lagrangian approach to the thermodynamic potential of quark-meson-nucleon (QMN) matter was used. In this approach, dynamical chiral-symmetry breaking is described by the scalar mean-field dynamics coupled to quarks and nucleons and their chiral partners, whereby its restoration occurs in the hadronic phase by parity doubling, as well as in the quark phase. Quark confinement was achieved by an auxiliary scalar field that parametrizes a dynamical infrared cutoff in the quark sector, serving as an ultraviolet cutoff for the nucleonic phase space. The gap equations were solved for the isospin-symmetric case, as well as for neutron star (NS) conditions. We also calculated the mass-radius (MR) relation of NSs and their tidal deformability parameter. The obtained EoS is in accordance with nuclear matter properties at saturation density and with the flow constraint from heavy ion collision experiments. For isospin-asymmetric matter, a sequential occurrence of light quark flavors is obtained, allowing for a mixed phase of chirally-symmetric nucleonic matter with deconfined down quarks. The MR relations and TDs for compact stars fulfill the constraints from the latest astrophysical observations for PSR J0740+6620, PSR J0030+0451, and the NS merger GW170817, whereby the tension between the maximum mass and compactness constraints rather uniquely fixes the model parameters. The model predicts the existence of stars with a core of chirally restored but purely hadronic (confined) matter for masses beyond $1.8M_{\odot }$. Stars with pure-quark matter cores are found to be unstable against the gravitational collapse. This instability is shifted to even higher densities if repulsive interactions between quarks are included.

version accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (39)

• Shapiro delay measurement of a two solar mass neutron star
• A Massive Pulsar in a Compact Relativistic Binary
• The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
• PSR J0030+0451 Mass and Radius from NICER Data and Implications for the Properties of Neutron Star Matter
• A NICER View of PSR J0030+0451: Millisecond Pulsar Parameter Estimation
• GW190425: Observation of a Compact Binary Coalescence with Total Mass $\sim 3.4M_{\odot }$
• Tidal Love numbers of neutron stars
• The equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD
• Constraints on a phenomenologically parameterized neutron-star equation of state
• Relativistic theory of tidal Love numbers
• The Phase Structure of the Polyakov--Quark-Meson Model
• Probing freeze-out conditions in heavy ion collisions with moments of charge fluctuations
• Susceptibilities and the Phase Structure of a Chiral Model with Polyakov Loops
• The phase structure of the Polyakov--quark-meson model beyond mean field
• Quark matter in compact stars?
• A new quark-hadron hybrid equation of state for astrophysics - I. High-mass twin compact stars
• Compact stars with sequential QCD phase transitions
• Skewness, kurtosis and the 5th and 6th order cumulants of net baryon-number distributions from lattice QCD confront high-statistics STAR data
• Modern compact star observations and the quark matter equation of state
• Abelian anomaly and neutral pion production
• The renormalization group and quark number fluctuations in the Polyakov loop extended quark-meson model at finite baryon density
• pi- and rho-mesons, and their diquark partners, from a contact interaction
• Baryons and the phase diagram for a large number of colors and flavors
• An effective chiral Hadron-Quark Equation of State
• Cold, dense nuclear matter in a SU(2) parity doublet model
• Quark Number Fluctuations in a Chiral Model at Finite Baryon Chemical Potential
• Dynamical Derivation of the Momentum Space Shell Structure for Quarkyonic Matter
• Nucleons and parity doubling across the deconfinement transition
• Core-collapse Supernova Explosions Driven by the Hadron-quark Phase Transition as a Rare $r$-process Site
• Relativistic hypernuclear compact stars with calibrated equations of state
• An effective model for the QCD phase transitions at finite baryon density
• Order parameters and color-flavor center symmetry in QCD
• QCD on a small circle
• First-order phase transition from hypernuclear matter to deconfined quark matter obeying new constraints from compact star observations
• The application of the Quark-Hadron Chiral Parity-Doublet Model to neutron star matter
• Tidal deformations of hybrid stars with sharp phase transitions and elastic crusts
• Chirally improved quark Pauli blocking in nuclear matter and applications to quark deconfinement in neutron stars
• Neutron star mass limit at $2M_{\odot }$ supports the existence of a CEP
• Consequences of simultaneous chiral symmetry breaking and deconfinement for the isospin symmetric phase diagram

Cited by in corpus (26)

• GW190814 as a massive rapidly-rotating neutron star with exotic degrees of freedom
• Was GW170817 a canonical neutron star merger? Bayesian analysis with a third family of compact stars
• Maximum mass of compact stars from gravitational wave events with finite-temperature equations of state
• Quark-hadron crossover equations of state for neutron stars: constraining the chiral invariant mass in a parity doublet model
• Constraining hadron-quark phase transition parameters within the quark-mean-field model using multimessenger observations of neutron stars
• Phenomenological quark-hadron equations of state with first-order phase transitions for astrophysical applications
• Remarks on nuclear matter: how an ${\omega }_0$ condensate can spike the speed of sound, and a model of $Z(3)$ baryons
• Excluded-volume model for quarkyonic matter II: Three-flavor shell-like distribution of baryons in phase space
• Chiral symmetry restoration and the $\Delta$ matter formation in neutron stars
• Reconciling multi-messenger constraints with chiral symmetry restoration
• Chiral condensates for neutron stars in hadron-quark crossover: from a parity doublet nucleon model to an NJL quark model
• Impacts of anomaly on nuclear and neutron star equation of state based on a parity doublet model
• Neutron star matter based on a parity doublet model including the $a_0(980)$ meson
• Neutron star properties with careful parameterization in the (axial)vector meson extended linear sigma model
• Hybrid Equations of State for Neutron Stars with Hyperons and Deltas
• Fluctuations near the liquid-gas and chiral phase transitions in hadronic matter
• Fluctuations and correlations of baryonic chiral partners
• New equation of state involving Bose-Einstein condensate of antikaon for supernova and neutron star merger simulations
• Modern nuclear and astrophysical constraints of dense matter in a renormalized chiral approach
• Hybrid stars with large quark cores within the parity doublet model and modified NJL model
• Interplay between chiral dynamics and repulsive interactions
• Anatomy of critical fluctuations in hadronic matter
• Optimized Statistical Approach for Comparing Multi-Messenger Neutron Star Data
• Emergent chirality and superfluidity of parity-doubled baryons in neutron stars
• Chiral restoration of strange baryons
• Parity-doubled nucleons can rapidly cool neutron stars