Phase diagram of hot QCD in an external magnetic field: possible splitting of deconfinement and chiral transitions

Abstract

The structure of the phase diagram for strong interactions becomes richer in the presence of a magnetic background, which enters as a new control parameter for the thermodynamics. Motivated by the relevance of this physical setting for current and future high-energy heavy ion collision experiments and for the cosmological QCD transitions, we use the linear sigma model coupled to quarks and to Polyakov loops as an effective theory to investigate how the chiral and the deconfining transitions are affected, and present a general picture for the temperature--magnetic field phase diagram. We compute and discuss each contribution to the effective potential for the approximate order parameters, and uncover new phenomena such as the paramagnetically-induced breaking of global Z_3 symmetry, and possible splitting of deconfinement and chiral transitions in a strong magnetic field.

16 pages, 13 figures; v2: references added, minor issue with Fig. 6 fixed; v3: clarifying remarks and references added, version to appear in Phys.Rev.D

References in corpus (38)

• The Chiral Magnetic Effect
• The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
• Estimate of the magnetic field strength in heavy-ion collisions
• The QCD transition temperature: results with physical masses in the continuum limit
• The QCD transition temperature: results with physical masses in the continuum limit II.
• Equation of state and QCD transition at finite temperature
• The Phase Structure of the Polyakov--Quark-Meson Model
• Charge separation induced by P-odd bubbles in QCD matter
• Chiral Magnetic conductivity
• QCD Phase Transition in a Strong Magnetic Background
• Quark matter under strong magnetic fields in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio Model
• Chiral magnetic effect in the PNJL model
• Topologically induced local P and CP violation in QCD x QED
• Susceptibilities near the QCD (tri)critical point
• Chiral transition in a strong magnetic background
• Quark matter under strong magnetic fields in the su(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model
• Vacuum fluctuations and the thermodynamics of chiral models
• Dressed Polyakov loop and phase diagram of hot quark matter under magnetic field
• The chiral and deconfinement crossover transitions: PNJL model beyond mean field
• Meson fluctuations and thermodynamics of the Polyakov loop extended quark-meson model
• Real-time dynamics of the Chiral Magnetic Effect
• Quark-hadron phase transition in a magnetic field
• The chiral condensate in a constant electromagnetic field
• Electric-current Susceptibility and the Chiral Magnetic Effect
• The influence of strong magnetic fields and instantons on the phase structure of the two-flavor NJL model
• Chern-Simons current and local parity violation in hot QCD matter
• Dynamical mass generation in QED with magnetic fields: arbitrary field strength and coupling constant
• Can a strong magnetic background modify the nature of the chiral transition in QCD?
• Meson supercurrents and the Meissner effect in the Sakai-Sugimoto model
• Dynamical mass generation in strongly coupled Quantum Electrodynamics with weak magnetic fields
• Does there arise a significant enhancement of the dynamical quark mass in external magnetic field?
• Nonperturbative Yukawa theory at finite density and temperature
• Hydrodynamical instabilities in an expanding quark gluon plasma
• Perturbative Yukawa theory at finite density: the role of masses and renormalization group flow at two loops
• Langevin dynamics of the pure SU(2) deconfining transition
• Dimension 2 condensates and Polyakov Chiral Quark Models
• Effects from inhomogeneities in the chiral transition
• Dissipation and memory effects in pure glue deconfinement

Cited by in corpus (217)

• Event-by-event generation of electromagnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions
• The QCD phase diagram for external magnetic fields
• Quantum field theory in a magnetic field: From quantum chromodynamics to graphene and Dirac semimetals
• Electromagnetic field evolution in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• QCD quark condensate in external magnetic fields
• Fermion Interactions and Universal Behavior in Strongly Interacting Theories
• Inverse magnetic catalysis in dense holographic matter
• The Importance of Asymptotic Freedom for the Pseudocritical Temperature in Magnetized Quark Matter
• Magnetic Catalysis vs Magnetic Inhibition
• Deconfinement and Chiral Symmetry Restoration in a Strong Magnetic Background
• Chiral Properties of Strong Interactions in a Magnetic Background
• Quark Antiscreening at Strong Magnetic Field and Inverse Magnetic Catalysis
• Analogy between rotation and density for Dirac fermions in a magnetic field
• Inverse magnetic catalysis for the chiral transition induced by thermo-magnetic effects on the coupling constant
• Momentum transport in strongly coupled anisotropic plasmas in the presence of strong magnetic fields
• Deconfinement in the presence of a strong magnetic background: an exercise within the MIT bag model
• Bulk Properties of a Fermi Gas in a Magnetic Field
• Deconfinement and chiral restoration within the SU(3) Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio and entangled Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio models in an external magnetic field
• Charmonia and Bottomonia in a Magnetic Field
• Inverse magnetic catalysis in the linear sigma model with quarks
• Droplets in the cold and dense linear sigma model with quarks
• The quark mass gap in a magnetic field
• Magnetic Catalysis: A Review
• Magnetic catalysis in hot and dense quark matter and quantum fluctuations
• Deconfinement transition in two-flavour lattice QCD with dynamical overlap fermions in an external magnetic field
• Hybrid Stars in a Strong Magnetic Field
• Anisotropic string tensions and inversely magnetic catalyzed deconfinement from a dynamical AdS/QCD model
• New look at the QCD ground state in a magnetic field
• Phase diagram in an external magnetic field beyond a mean-field approximation
• Holographic calculation of the QCD crossover temperature in a magnetic field
• Spontaneous generation of local CP violation and inverse magnetic catalysis
• QCD phase diagram in a magnetic background for different values of the pion mass
• Anomalous magnetic moment of hot quarks, inverse magnetic catalysis and reentrance of chiral symmetry broken phase
• Hot Quark Matter with an Axial Chemical Potential
• Chiral perturbation theory in a magnetic background - finite-temperature effects
• Electromagnetic radiation by quark-gluon plasma in magnetic field
• Two-color QCD with staggered fermions at finite temperature under the influence of a magnetic field
• Normal ground state of dense relativistic matter in a magnetic field
• Large Nc Deconfinement Transition in the Presence of a Magnetic Field
• The melting of charmonium in a magnetic field from an effective AdS/QCD model
• Magnetic polarizabilities of light mesons in $SU(3)$ lattice gauge theory
• On the Phase Structure of QCD in a Finite Volume
• A search for inverse magnetic catalysis in thermal quark-meson models
• Chiral dynamics in a magnetic field from the functional renormalization group
• The QCD Critical End Point Under Strong Magnetic Fields
• No inverse magnetic catalysis in the QCD hard and soft wall models
• Entanglement between chiral and deconfinement transitions under strong uniform magnetic background field
• Magnetic Susceptibility of the Quark Condensate and Polarization from Chiral Models
• Phase diagram of chirally imbalanced QCD matter
• QCD matter in extreme environments
• Thermal pions in a magnetic background
• Heavy quark complex potential in a strongly magnetized hot QGP medium
• Inverse Magnetic Catalysis in the Soft-Wall Model of AdS/QCD
• The magnetized effective QCD phase diagram
• Phase transitions in neutron stars and their links to gravitational waves
• Chiral transition in a magnetic field and at finite baryon density
• The chiral transition in a magnetic background: Finite density effects and the functional renormalization group
• Inverse magnetic catalysis from the properties of the QCD coupling in a magnetic field
• Vacuum structure and chiral symmetry breaking in strong magnetic fields for hot and dense quark matter
• Chiral transition in the probe approximation from an Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity model
• The Effect of Fluctuations on the QCD Critical Point in a Finite Volume
• Wess-Zumino-Witten action and photons from the Chiral Magnetic Effect
• Baryon number fluctuations in chiral effective models and their phenomenological implications
• Chiral and deconfinement transitions in a magnetic background using the functional renormalization group with the Polyakov loop
• Holographic rho mesons in an external magnetic field
• Electromagnetically superconducting phase of vacuum in strong magnetic field: structure of superconductor and superfluid vortex lattices in the ground state
• Electromagnetic superconductivity of vacuum induced by strong magnetic field: numerical evidence in lattice gauge theory
• Phase diagram of QCD in a magnetic background
• Stability of magnetized strange quark matter in the MIT bag model with the density dependent bag pressure
• Finite temperature quark-gluon vertex with a magnetic field in the Hard Thermal Loop approximation
• Revisiting the Phase Structure of the Polyakov-quark-meson Model in the presence of Vacuum Fermion Fluctuation
• Heavy meson spectroscopy under strong magnetic field
• Inhomogeneous charged pion condensation phenomenon in the NJL${}_2$ model with quark number and isospin chemical potentials
• Including the Fermion Vacuum Fluctuations in the $(2+1)$ flavor Polyakov Quark Meson Model
• Holographic baryonic matter in a background magnetic field
• Magnetic-field Induced Screening Effect and Collective Excitations
• Holographic estimate of heavy quark diffusion in a magnetic field
• Inverse Magnetic Catalysis in the three-flavor NJL model with axial-vector interaction
• Chiral Transition Within Effective Quark Models Under Magnetic Fields
• Lattice QCD Simulations in External Background Fields
• Inverse Magnetic Catalysis in Bottom-Up Holographic QCD
• Phase transition and critical end point driven by an external magnetic field in asymmetric quark matter
• Inverse magnetic catalysis and regularization in the quark-meson model
• Introductory lectures to large-N QCD phenomenology and lattice results
• Deconfinement, chiral symmetry restoration and thermodynamics of (2+1)--flavor hot QCD matter in an external magnetic field
• Thermo-magnetic properties of the strong coupling in the local Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
• Renormalization Group Study of Magnetic Catalysis in the 3d Gross-Neveu Model
• Recent progresses on QCD phases in a strong magnetic field -- views from Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
• Inverse catalysis effect of quark anomalous magnetic moment to chiral restoration and deconfinement phase transitions
• Chiral density waves in the NJL${}_2$ model with quark number and isospin chemical potentials
• Quark Matter in a Strong Magnetic Background
• Optimized perturbation theory for charged scalar fields at finite temperature and in an external magnetic field
• Warm and dense stellar matter under strong magnetic fields
• Chiral transition with magnetic fields
• Chiral pions in a magnetic background
• Inverse magnetic catalysis -- how much do we know about?
• Non-equilibrium physics at a holographic chiral phase transition
• $\rho$ mesons in strong abelian magnetic field in SU(3) lattice gauge theory
• QCD phase diagram in a magnetized medium from the chiral symmetry perspective: The linear sigma model with quarks and the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model effective descriptions
• Magnetized strange quark matter in a quasiparticle description
• The Linear Sigma Model and the formation of a charged pion condensate in the presence of an external magnetic field
• Collective modes and Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a magnetic field in the planar Nambu--Jona-Lasino model
• Finite-size effects in pion condensation phenomena of dense baryonic matter in the NJL${}_2$ model
• Critical Endpoint and Inverse Magnetic Catalysis for Finite Temperature and Density Quark Matter in a Magnetic Background
• The Wigner Solution and QCD Phase Transitions in a Modified PNJL Model
• Thermal chiral and deconfining transitions in the presence of a magnetic background
• Toward a unified equation of state for multi-messenger astronomy
• SU(3) Polyakov Linear Sigma-Model in an External Magnetic Field
• The influence of a repulsive vector coupling in magnetized quark matter
• Surface Magnetic Catalysis
• Charged pion condensation and duality in dense and hot chirally and isospin asymmetric quark matter in the framework of NJL${}_2$ model
• Net-baryon number fluctuations in the Hybrid Quark-Meson-Nucleon model at finite density
• Regularizing thermo and magnetic contributions within nonrenormalizable theories
• Effect of external magnetic field on nucleon mass in hot and dense medium : Inverse Magnetic Catalysis in Walecka Model
• Influence of the Polyakov loop on the chiral phase transition in the two flavor chiral quark model
• A quenched 2-flavour Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gauge-gravity model
• On the transition temperature(s) of magnetized two-flavour holographic QCD
• Neutral pion mass in the linear sigma model coupled to quarks at arbitrary magnetic field
• Quark deconfinement and gluon condensate in a weak magnetic field
• Finite-density QCD transition in magnetic field background
• Thermodynamics of 2+1 Flavor Polyakov-Loop Quark-Meson Model under External Magnetic Field
• Electromagnetic superconductivity of vacuum induced by strong magnetic field
• Influence of finite volume and magnetic field effects on the QCD phase diagram
• Effect of quark masses on the QCD presssure in a strong magnetic background
• The quark-hadron thermodynamics in magnetic field
• Background magnetic field stabilizes QCD string against breaking
• Strange quark chiral phase transition in hot 2+1-flavor magnetized quark matter
• Electromagnetic fields from the extended Kharzeev-McLerran-Warringa model in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Inverse magnetic catalysis and confinement within a contact interaction model for quarks
• Chiral restoration at finite T under the magnetic field with the meson-loop corrections
• Duality between chiral symmetry breaking and charged pion condensation at large $N_c$: Consideration of an NJL${}_2$ model with baryon-, isospin- and chiral isospin chemical potentials
• Thermodynamic Behaviour of Magnetized QGP within the Self-Consistent Quasiparticle Model
• $\rho$ condensation and physical parameters
• Color-flavor locked strange quark matter in a strong magnetic field
• The chiral magnetic wave in an expanding QCD fluid
• Magnetic catalysis of a charged Bose-Einstein condensate
• Dynamical Locking of the Chiral and the Deconfinement Phase Transition in QCD
• Magnetic catalysis and inverse magnetic catalysis in (2+1)-dimensional gauge theories from holographic models
• Fluctuations and phases in baryonic matter
• Low-energy theorems of QCD and bulk viscosity at finite temperature and baryon density in a magnetic field
• Fluctuations and correlations of hot QCD matter in an external magnetic field
• Two-color QCD in a strong magnetic field: The role of the Polyakov loop
• Magnetized strange quark matter in a mass-density-dependent model
• Comparing symmetry restoration trends for meson masses and mixing angles in the QCD-like three quark flavor models
• Impacts of (inverse) magnetic catalysis on screening masses of neutral pions and sigma mesons in hot and magnetized quark matter
• SU(3) Polyakov Linear $\sigma$-Model in Magnetic Field: Thermodynamics, Higher-Order Moments, Chiral Phase Structure and Meson Masses
• SU(3) Polyakov linear-sigma model: Magnetic properties of QCD matter in thermal and dense medium
• (Inverse) Magnetic Catalysis in Bose-Einstein Condensation of Neutral Bound Pairs
• Chiral phase structure and sixteen meson states in SU(3) Polyakov linear-sigma model at finite temperature and chemical potential in strong magnetic field
• Analytic Study of Magnetic Catalysis in Holographic QCD
• Possible formation of high temperature superconductor at early stage of heavy-ion collisions
• Chiral Symmetry Restoration and Quark Deconfinement beyond Mean Field in a Magnetized PNJL Model
• Mass modification of hot pions in magnetized dense medium
• Thermomagnetic properties and Debye Screening for magnetized quark-gluon Plasma using the extended self-consistent quasiparticle model
• Quark anomalous magnetic moment leads to the inverse magnetic catalysis phenomena of chiral restoration and deconfinement phase transitions in ${\mu }_B-T$ plane
• New critical point for QCD in a magnetic field
• Thermodynamics of a rotating hadron resonance gas with van der Waals interaction
• Exploring criticality in the QCD-like two quark flavour models
• Pionic dispersion relations in the presence of a weak magnetic field
• Exploring Dense and Cold QCD in Magnetic Fields
• Temperature and Strong Magnetic Field Effects in Dense Matter
• Anisotropic tomography of heavy quark dissociation by using general propagator structure at finite magnetic field
• Chiral symmetry breaking, color superconductivity, and the equation of state for magnetized strange quark matter
• Magnetized strangelets at finite temperature
• Renormalization flow towards gravitational catalysis in the 3d Gross-Neveu model
• A large-$N_c$ PNJL model with explicit Z${}_{N_c}$ symmetry
• SU(3) parity doubling in cold neutron star matter
• Hot perturbative QCD in a very strong magnetic background
• Anisotropy of magnetized quark matter
• Magnetic susceptibility at zero and nonzero chemical potential in QCD and QED
• Chiral phase transition of a dense, magnetized and rotating quark matter
• Thermomagnetic correlation lengths of strongly interacting matter in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
• QCD at nonzero temperature and density
• QCD sum rule analysis of Heavy Quarkonium states in magnetized matter -- effects of (inverse) magnetic catalysis
• An Effective Field Theory Model for One-Dimensional $\mathrm{CH}$ Chains: Effects at Finite Chemical Potential, Temperature and External Zeeman Magnetic Field
• Phase diagram for charged scalars in a magnetic field at finite temperature
• Surprises in relativistic matter in a magnetic field
• Perturbative aspects of the deconfinement transition -- Physics beyond the Faddeev-Popov model
• QCD in magnetic field, Landau levels and double-life of unbroken center-symmetry
• Dense Quark-Gluon Plasma in strong magnetic fields
• Exposing the effect of $p$-wave in pion triplet under the strong magnetic field
• QCD phase diagram in the $T-eB$ plane for varying pion mass
• Pion superfluid phase transition under external magnetic field including inverse magnetic catalysis effect
• Response to an External Magnetic Field of the Decay Rate of a Neutral Scalar Field into a Charged Fermion Pair
• Vacuum superconductivity, conventional superconductivity and Schwinger pair production
• Conserved Charge Fluctuations in a Chiral Hadronic Model including Hadrons and Quarks
• Open bottom mesons in magnetized matter -- effects of (inverse) magnetic catalysis
• Correlations and fluctuations in a magnetized PNJL model with and without inverse magnetic catalysis effect
• Dirac sea effects on Heavy Quarkonia decay widths in magnetized matter -- a field theoretic model of composite hadrons
• Pion Pressure in a Magnetic Field
• Critical end point in a thermo-magnetic nonlocal NJL model
• Landau quantization and spin polarization of cold magnetized quark matter
• Weak magnetic field effects on chiral critical temperature in a nonlocal Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
• Neutral pion mass in warm magnetized medium within Linear Sigma Model coupled to Quarks $\left({\text{LSM}}_q\right)$ framework
• Low-energy relation for the trace of the energy-momentum tensor in QCD and the gluon condensate in a magnetic field
• Strangelets formation in high energy heavy-ion collisions
• Scaling violation and the magnetic equation of state in chiral models
• Note on all-order Landau-level structures of the Heisenberg-Euler effective actions for QED and QCD
• Search for the chiral magnetic effect through beam energy dependence of charge separation using event shape selection
• Strongly interacting matter in extreme magnetic fields
• Chiral symmetry breaking and pion condensation in the early universe
• Photon polarization tensor at finite temperature and density in a magnetic field
• Phonon spectrum of QCD vacuum in magnetic-field-induced superconducting phase
• Thermal Field Theory in the Presence of a Background Magnetic Field and its Application to QCD
• Deconfinement Phase Transition with External Magnetic Field in Friedberg-Lee Model
• Correlations and fluctuations in a magnetized three-flavor PNJL model with and without inverse magnetic catalysis effect
• Thermo-magnetic nonlocal NJL model in the real and imaginary time formalisms
• Hadronic matter at the edge: A survey of some theoretical approaches to the physics of the QCD phase diagram
• Photon emissivity in the vicinity of a critical point - A case study within the quark meson model
• Semiclassical partition function for the double-well potential
• Primordial magnetic field generation in the Quark Gluon Plasma phase
• Model studies of the chiral and deconfinement transitions in QCD
• Influence of quark masses on the QCD phase diagram in the presence of a magnetic field
• Background field and time dependence effects in holographic models
• Particle yields in heavy ion collisions and the influence of strong magnetic fields
• Inverse anisotropic catalysis and complexity
• Magnetized strangelets with anomalous magnetic moment and Coulomb interactions