A large-$N_c$ PNJL model with explicit Z${}_{N_c}$ symmetry

Abstract

A PNJL model is built, in which the Polyakov-loop potential is explicitly Z${}_{N_c}$-symmetric in order to mimic a Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU($N_c$). The physically expected large-$N_c$ and large-$T$ behaviours of the thermodynamic observables computed from the Polyakov-loop potential are used to constrain its free parameters. The effective potential is eventually U(1)-symmetric when $N_c$ is infinite. Light quark flavours are added by using a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model coupled to the Polyakov loop (the PNJL model), and the different phases of the resulting PNJL model are discussed in 't Hooft's large-$N_c$ limit. Three phases are found, in agreement with previous large-$N_c$ studies. When the temperature $T$ is larger than some deconfinement temperature $T_d$, the system is in a deconfined, chirally symmetric, phase for any quark chemical potential $\mu$. When $T<T_d$ however, the system is in a confined phase in which chiral symmetry is either broken or not. The critical line $T_{\chi }(\mu )$, signalling the restoration of chiral symmetry, has the same qualitative features than what can be obtained within a standard $N_c=3$ PNJL model.

To appear in Phys Rev D

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• PNJL model at zero temperature: three-flavor case
• Thermodynamical phases in a PNJL model at zero temperature
• Q-ball formation at the deconfinement temperature in large-$N_c$ QCD
• Gravitating bubbles of gluon plasma above deconfinement temperature
• Building models of quarks and gluons with an arbitrary number of colors using Cartan-Polyakov loops