Chiral condensates for neutron stars in hadron-quark crossover: from a parity doublet nucleon model to an NJL quark model

Abstract

We study the chiral condensates in neutron star matter from nuclear to quark matter domain. We describe nuclear matter with a parity doublet model (PDM), quark matter with the Nambu--Jona-Lasino (NJL) model, and a matter at the intermediate density by interpolating nuclear and quark matter equations of state. The model parameters are constrained by nuclear physics and neutron star observations. Various condensates in the interpolated domain are estimated from the chemical potential dependence of the condensates at the boundaries of the interpolation. The use of the PDM with substantial chiral invariant mass ($m_0\gtrsim 500$ MeV, which is favored by the neutron star observations) predicts the mild chiral restoration, and the significant chiral condensate remains to baryon density $n_B\sim 2-3n_0$ ($n_0\simeq 0.16{\mathrm{fm}}^{-3}$: nuclear saturation density), smoothly approaching the NJL predictions for the color-flavor-locked phase at $n_B\gtrsim 5n_0$. The same method is applied to estimate diquark condensates, number densities of up-, down- and strange-quarks, and the lepton fraction. In our descriptions the chiral restoration in the interpolated domain proceeds with two conceptually distinct chiral restoration effects; the first is associated with the positive scalar density in a nucleon, relevant in dilute regime, and the other primarily arises from the modification of the quark Dirac sea, which is triggered by the growth of the quark Fermi sea. We discuss several qualitative conjectures to interpolate the microphysics in nuclear and quark matter.

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• Neutron star matter based on a parity doublet model including the $a_0(980)$ meson
• Holographic cold dense matter constrained by neutron stars
• Hybrid stars with large quark cores within the parity doublet model and modified NJL model
• Quark condensate and chiral symmetry restoration in neutron stars
• Constraining the competition between the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions in light of the multimessenger era
• Parity-doubled nucleons can rapidly cool neutron stars
• Chiral, parity-doublet, effective-Lagrangian mean-field theories for nuclear and astrophysical phenomenology