A chiral crystal in cold QCD matter at intermediate densities?
arXiv:hep-ph/0008207 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.63.034008
Abstract
The analogue of Overhauser (particle-hole) pairing in electronic systems (spin-density waves with non-zero total momentum ) is analyzed in finite-density QCD for 3 colors and 2 flavors, and compared to the color-superconducting BCS ground state (particle-particle pairing, =0). The calculations are based on effective nonperturbative four-fermion interactions acting in both the scalar diquark as well as the scalar-isoscalar quark-hole ('') channel. Within the Nambu-Gorkov formalism we set up the coupled channel problem including multiple chiral density wave formation, and evaluate the resulting gaps and free energies. Employing medium-modified instanton-induced 't Hooft interactions, as applicable around GeV (or 4 times nuclear saturation density), we find the 'chiral crystal phase' to be competitive with the color superconductor.
14 pages ReVTeX, including 11 ps-/eps-figures
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