Phase transitions and resilience of the MDCDW phase at finite temperature and density

Abstract

We study the phase transitions of the magnetic dual chiral density wave (MDCDW). This spatially inhomogeneous phase emerges in cold, dense QCD in the presence of a strong magnetic field. Starting from the generalized GL expansion of the free energy, we derive several analytical formulas that enable fast numerical computation of the expansion coefficients to arbitrary order, allowing high levels of precision in the determination of the physical dynamical parameters, as well as in the transition curves in the temperature vs. chemical potential plane at different magnetic fields. At magnetic fields and temperatures compatible with neutron star (NS) conditions, the MDCDW remains favored over the symmetric ground state at all densities. The phase's "resilience" manifests in (1) a region of small but nonzero remnant mass and significant modulation at intermediate densities, originating in part from the nontrivial topology of the lowest Landau level, and (2) a region of increasing condensate parameters at high densities. Our analysis suggests the MDCDW condensate remains energetically favored at densities and temperatures much higher than previously considered, opening the possibility for this phase to be a viable candidate for the matter structure of even young neutron stars produced by NS mergers.

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Cited by in corpus (10)

• Temperature and Strong Magnetic Field Effects in Dense Matter
• Regularization effects in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model: Strong scheme dependence of inhomogeneous phases and persistence of the moat regime
• Speed of Sound for Hadronic and Quark Phases in a Magnetic Field
• Spatially oscillating correlation functions in $\left(2+1\right)$-dimensional four-fermion models: The mixing of scalar and vector modes at finite density
• The magnetic dual chiral density wave phase in a rotating cold quark matter
• Axion-Polaritons in the Magnetic Dual Chiral Density Wave Phase of Dense QCD
• Thermal phonon fluctuations and stability of the magnetic dual chiral density wave phase in dense QCD
• Axion-Polaritons in quark stars: a possible solution to the missing pulsar problem
• Convergence of Ginzburg-Landau expansions: superconductivity in the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory and chiral symmetry breaking in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
• Casimir effect in magnetic dual chiral density waves