Physics of Strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma

Abstract

This review cover our current understanding of strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma (sQGP), especially theoretical progress in (i) explaining the RHIC data by hydrodynamics, (ii) describing lattice data using electric-magnetic duality; (iii) understanding of gauge-string duality known as AdS/CFT and its application for "conformal" plasma. In view of interdisciplinary nature of the subject, we include brief introduction into several topics "for pedestrians". Some fundamental questions addressed are: Why is sQGP such a good liquid? What is the nature of (de)confinement and what do we know about ''magnetic'' objects creating it? Do they play any important role in sQGP physics? Can we understand the AdS/CFT predictions, from the gauge theory side? Can they be tested experimentally? Can AdS/CFT duality help us understand rapid equilibration/entropy production? Can we work out a complete dynamical "gravity dual" to heavy ion collisions?

v2 is a version accepted for publication. It includes results of correspondence with people after v1 and journal referees, few editorial changes, few new points and several new references

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• Quark number susceptibilities: lattice QCD versus PNJL model
• Thermal spectral functions of strongly coupled N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory
• Magnetic component of Yang-Mills plasma
• Universality of the saturation scale and the initial eccentricity in heavy ion collisions
• On jet quenching parameters in strongly coupled non-conformal gauge theories
• Confining ensemble of dyons
• Shear viscosity in weakly coupled $\mathcal{N}=4$ Super Yang-Mills theory compared to QCD
• Quarkonia in the deconfined phase: effective potentials and lattice correlators
• Hydrodynamic description of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• How much entropy is produced in strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma (sQGP) by dissipative effects?
• On the supergravity description of boost invariant conformal plasma at strong coupling
• Nonlinear waves in AdS/CFT correspondence
• Magnetic monopoles in the high temperature phase of Yang-Mills theories
• Toward the AdS/CFT Gravity Dual for High Energy Collisions. 3.Gravitationally Collapsing Shell and Quasiequilibrium
• Toward the AdS/CFT gravity dual for High Energy Collisions: I.Falling into the AdS
• Heterotic Flux Tubes in N=2 SQCD with N=1 Preserving Deformations
• Dynamics of Flux Tubes in Large N Gauge Theories
• Dissipation from a heavy quark moving through N=4 super-Yang-Mills plasma
• Ampere's Law and Energy Loss in AdS/CFT Duality
• Consistent holographic description of boost-invariant plasma
• Charmonium in strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma
• What Do Electromagnetic Plasmas Tell Us about Quark-Gluon Plasma?
• Anomalous Conical Di-jet Correlations in pQCD vs AdS/CFT
• Cusped SYM Wilson loop at two loops and beyond
• Magnetic strings in Lattice QCD as Nonabelian Vortices
• Heavy flavor diffusion in weakly coupled N=4 Super Yang-Mills theory
• Finite Temperature Sum Rules in Lattice Gauge Theory
• Linearized hydrodynamics from probe-sources in the gauge-string duality
• Gravity dual of 1+1 dimensional Bjorken expansion
• Static $\bar{Q}Q$ Potentials and the Magnetic Component of QCD Plasma near $T_c$
• Stress Tensor of Static Dipoles in strongly coupled $\mathcal{N}$=4 Gauge Theory
• Thermalization in SU(3) gauge theory after a deconfining quench
• Quarkonium production via recombination
• Monopole condensation in two-flavour Adjoint QCD
• A Heavy Quark-Antiquark Pair in Hot QCD
• Ground State Quarkonium Spectral Functions Above Deconfinement
• Conical Di-jet Correlations from a Chromo-Viscous Neck in AdS/CFT
• A "Domain Wall" Scenario for the AdS/QCD
• Topological defects and equation of state of gluon plasma
• Quarkonium correlators at finite temperature and potential models
• A gap in the quarkyonic matter

Cited by in corpus (240)

• Holographic duality with a view toward many-body physics
• Nearly Perfect Fluidity: From Cold Atomic Gases to Hot Quark Gluon Plasmas
• Hydrodynamics of electrons in graphene
• Gravity & Hydrodynamics: Lectures on the fluid-gravity correspondence
• Measurements of Higher-Order Flow Harmonics in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Thermodynamics of the QCD plasma and the large-N limit
• SU(N) gauge theories at large N
• Holography and Thermodynamics of 5D Dilaton-gravity
• Fracton hydrodynamics
• Numerical solution of gravitational dynamics in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes
• Strongly Correlated Quantum Fluids: Ultracold Quantum Gases, Quantum Chromodynamic Plasmas, and Holographic Duality
• Gauge bosons at zero and finite temperature
• Effects of initial flow velocity fluctuation in event-by-event (3+1)D hydrodynamics
• Heavy-Quark Diffusion and Hadronization in Quark-Gluon Plasma
• ${\mathbf{D}}_{\mathbf{s}}$-Meson as Quantitative Probe of Diffusion and Hadronization in Nuclear Collisions
• Improved Holographic Yang-Mills at Finite Temperature: Comparison with Data
• Improved Holographic QCD
• Effects of Bulk Viscosity at Freezeout
• Phenomenological Review on Quark-Gluon Plasma: Concepts vs. Observations
• Angular Dependence of Jet Quenching Indicates Its Strong Enhancement Near the QCD Phase Transition
• Finite-size effects on the radiative energy loss of a fast parton in hot and dense strongly interacting matter
• Thermal Transport and Drag Force in Improved Holographic QCD
• Vortices and Other Topological Solitons in Dense Quark Matter
• Probing QCD critical fluctuations from light nuclei production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Light nuclei production as a probe of the QCD phase diagram
• Charge-Dependent Correlations in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions and the Chiral Magnetic Effect
• Strongly Coupled Gauge Theories: High and Low Temperature Behavior of Non-local Observables
• Experimental searches for the chiral magnetic effect in heavy-ion collisions
• Elliptic and hexadecapole flow of charged hadrons in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Grazing Collisions of Gravitational Shock Waves and Entropy Production in Heavy Ion Collision
• Hydrodynamic approach to two-dimensional electron systems
• The melting of charmonium in a magnetic field from an effective AdS/QCD model
• Meson condensation
• Lennard-Jones quark matter and massive quark stars
• Breakdown of hydrodynamics below four dimensions in a fracton fluid
• Evidence of rescattering effect in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC through production of ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ast }(892{)}^0$ and $\varphi (1020)$ mesons
• How Wide is the Transition to Deconfinement?
• On the Charge Separation Effect in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Azimuthal anisotropies for Au+Au collisions in the parton-hadron transient energy range
• Phonons, pions and quasi-long-range order in spatially modulated chiral condensates
• Divergence-type nonlinear conformal hydrodynamics
• Adjoint QCD on ${\mathbb{R}}^3\times S^1$ with twisted fermionic boundary conditions
• QCD Critical Point in a Quasiparticle Model
• A Polytropic Model of Quark Stars
• Divergence-type 2+1 dissipative hydrodynamics applied to heavy-ion collisions
• Thermal Monopole Condensation and Confinement in finite temperature Yang-Mills Theories
• Hot QCD Phase Diagram From Holographic Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton Models
• Constraining strangeness in dense matter with GW170817
• Toward the AdS/CFT Gravity Dual for High Energy Collisions. 3.Gravitationally Collapsing Shell and Quasiequilibrium
• Small shear viscosity in the semi quark gluon plasma
• Alternative Scenarios of Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions: I. Baryon Stopping
• Initial eccentricity fluctuations and their relation to higher-order flow harmonics
• Color Instabilities in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Quark spectral properties above Tc from Dyson-Schwinger equations
• Rise of azimuthal anisotropies as a signature of the Quark-Gluon-Plasma in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Holographic estimate of heavy quark diffusion in a magnetic field
• The role of monopoles in a Gluon Plasma
• A numerical exploration of first-order relativistic hydrodynamics
• Relativistic Langevin Dynamics in Expanding Media
• Introductory lectures to large-N QCD phenomenology and lattice results
• Hard thermal loops, to quadratic order, in the background of a spatial 't Hooft loop
• Hydrodynamical description of first-order phase transitions: Analytical treatment and numerical modeling
• Improved Hydrodynamics from the AdS/CFT
• Configuration Entropy for Quarkonium in a Finite Density Plasma
• Critical Trapped Surfaces Formation in the Collision of Ultrarelativistic Charges in (A)dS
• Ideal Hydrodynamics for Bulk and Multistrange Hadrons in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200\,AGeV Au-Au Collisions
• Relativistic Dissipative Hydrodynamic Equations at the Second Order for Multi-Component Systems with Multiple Conserved Currents
• The Chern-Simons Diffusion Rate in Improved Holographic QCD
• Trace Anomaly, Thermal Power Corrections and Dimension Two condensates in the deconfined phase
• Production of K${}^{\ast }(892{)}^0$ and $\varphi (1020)$ in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Bayesian analysis of quark spectral properties from the Dyson-Schwinger equation
• Holographic Thermalization and Generalized Vaidya-AdS Solutions in Massive Gravity
• Quark-to-gluon composition of the quark-gluon plasma in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Configuration entropy description of charmonium dissociation under the influence of magnetic fields
• Dissipative force on an external quark in heavy quark cloud
• On Yang-Mills Theories with Chiral Matter at Strong Coupling
• The Heavy Quark Potential as a Function of Shear Viscosity at Strong Coupling
• Confined Monopoles Induced by Quantum Effects in Dense QCD
• Color path-integral Monte-Carlo simulations of quark-gluon plasma: Thermodynamic and transport properties
• Bulk Viscosity at Extreme Limits: From Kinetic Theory to Strings
• Shear viscosity and electric conductivity of a hot and dense QGP with a chiral phase transition
• The quark-gluon medium
• Dilepton Radiation in Heavy-Ion Collisions at Small Transverse Momentum
• Exceptional thermodynamics: The equation of state of G(2) gauge theory
• The Fate of the Initial State Perturbations in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Out-of-Equilibrium Chiral Magnetic Effect at Strong Coupling
• Diffusion coefficient matrix of the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma
• Plasma photoemission from string theory
• Nambu Jona Lasinio model with proper time regularization in a finite volume
• Gluon condensates in a cold quark gluon plasma
• Does the NJL chiral phase transition affect the elliptic flow of a fluid at fixed $\eta /s$?
• Continuum study on QCD phase diagram through an OPE-modified gluon propagator
• Hydrodynamics of dipole-conserving fluids
• Collective modes and instabilities in anisotropically expanding ultarelativistic plasmas
• Plasma conductivity at finite coupling
• H-cluster stars
• Effect of Light Fermions on the Confinement Transition in QCD-like Theories
• A flow paradigm in heavy-ion collisions
• Pion crystals hosting topologically stable baryons
• Some aspects of QGP phase in a hQCD model
• Quark Flavour Dependence of the Shear Viscosity in a Quasiparticle Model
• Holographic Optics and Negative Refractive Index
• Chiral superfluidity of the quark-gluon plasma
• Hard Probe of Geometry and Fluctuations in Heavy Ion Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}=$ 0.2, 2.76, and 5.5 TeV
• Static $\bar{Q}Q$ Potentials and the Magnetic Component of QCD Plasma near $T_c$
• Holographic current correlators at finite coupling and scattering off a supersymmetric plasma
• Two-loop perturbative corrections to the constrained effective potential in thermal QCD
• Quantum Scrambling and State Dependence of the Butterfly Velocity
• Shock waves in strongly coupled plasmas
• Renormalized Linear Kinetic Theory as Derived from Quantum Field Theory - a novel diagrammatic method for computing transport coefficients -
• Meson Screening Mass in a Strongly Coupled Pion Superfluid
• Correlations between perturbation theory and power corrections in QCD at zero and finite temperature
• The shear diffusion coefficient for generalized theories of gravity
• Shock waves in strongly coupled plasmas II
• Understanding the $K^{\ast }/K$ ratio in heavy ion collisions
• On the critical condition in gravitational shock wave collision and heavy ion collisions
• Strange Quark stars: Observations & Speculations
• Quark Gluon Bags as Reggeons
• Charmonium suppression in the presence of dissipative forces in a strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma
• Holography and drag force in thermal plasma of non-commutative Yang-Mills theories in diverse dimensions
• Azimuthal anisotropy: transition from hydrodynamic flow to jet suppression
• Energy, centrality and momentum dependence of dielectron production at collider energies in a coarse-grained transport approach
• Effect of back reaction on entanglement and subregion volume complexity in strongly coupled plasma
• Thermodynamics of the quark-gluon plasma at finite chemical potential: color path integral Monte Carlo results
• Drag force in a hot non-relativistic, non-commutative Yang-Mills plasma
• Charm quarks in medium and their contribution to di-electron spectra in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Towards 't Hooft parameter corrections to charge transport in strongly-coupled plasma
• Similarity between the kinematic viscosity of quark-gluon plasma and liquids at the viscosity minimum
• Partons and jets in a strongly-coupled plasma from AdS/CFT
• Initial indications for the production of a strongly coupled plasma in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV
• Improved thermodynamics of SU(2) gauge theory
• Configuration entropy and stability of bottomonium radial excitations in a plasma with magnetic fields
• Collective Flow of QCD Matter: a Historical Introduction
• Thermodynamics of quark-gluon plasma at finite baryon density
• Topology (and axion's properties) from lattice QCD with a dynamical charm
• Thermal conductivity in dynamics of first-order phase transition
• Quasi normal modes for Heavy Vector Mesons in a Finite Density Plasma
• Formation of the seed black holes: a role of quark nuggets?
• Conformal window in QCD for large numbers of colours and flavours
• Color path-integral Monte Carlo simulations of quark-gluon plasma
• On Relation Between the Quark Gluon Bag Surface Tension and the Colour Tube String Tension
• The speed of sound in QGP and SU(3) Yang-Mills theory
• Chiral phase transition from the Dyson-Schwinger equations in a finite spherical volume
• The "ripples" on relativistically expanding fluid
• Chiral crossover transition from the Dyson-Schwinger equations in a sphere
• A reanalysis of Finite Temperature SU(N) Gauge Theory
• A Universal Lower Bound on the Specific Temperatures of AdS-Reissner-Nordstrom Black Holes with Flat Event Horizons
• Study of the thermal abelian monopoles with proper gauge fixing
• Physical mechanism of the (tri)critical point generation
• Kerr Black Holes Are Not Fragile
• Equation of state of strongly coupled quark--gluon plasma -- Path integral Monte Carlo results
• Fermi-Einstein condensation in dense QCD-like theories
• Exact Relativistic Ideal Hydrodynamical Solutions in (1+3)D with Longitudinal and Transverse Flows
• Bose-Einstein Condensation of strongly interacting bosons: from liquid ${}^4$He to QCD monopoles
• Area covered by disks in small-bounded continuum percolating systems: An application to the string percolation model
• Spacetime dynamics of chiral magnetic currents in a hot non-Abelian plasma
• Colliding AdS gravitational shock waves in various dimensions and holography
• AdS Black Brane Solution Surrounded by Quintessence in Massive Gravity and KSS Bound
• Real-time dynamics of axial charge and chiral magnetic current in a non-Abelian expanding plasma
• Diffusion and growth of metal clusters in nanocomposites: a Kinetic Monte Carlo study
• The critical indices of the Quark-Gluon Bags with Surface Tension Model with tricritical endpoint
• Thermal Abelian monopoles as selfdual dyons
• Holographic Mutual and Tripartite Information in a Symmetry Breaking Quench
• Hydrodynamics of Resonances
• Viscosity, wave damping and shock wave formation in cold hadronic matter
• On Analytic Solutions of (1+3)D Relativistic Ideal Hydrodynamic Equations
• Critical exponents of the quark-gluon bags model with the critical endpoint
• Hawking-Page transition in holographic QCD at finite density
• Divergence-type theory of conformal fields
• Exploring an Origin of the QCD Critical Endpoint
• Collective dynamics of polarized spin-half fermions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Multi-messenger observations of neutron rich matter
• Out-of-equilibrium photon production and electric conductivity in a holographic Bjorken expanding plasma
• Nonlinear waves in second order conformal hydrodynamics
• Review of nonflow estimation methods and uncertainties in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• To understand sQGP through non-topological FL model
• Deciphering yield modification of hadron-triggered semi-inclusive recoil jets in heavy-ion collisions
• Magnetic component of gluon plasma and its viscosity
• Jet evolution in a dense QCD medium
• Mixed state information theoretic measures in boosted black brane
• Conserved Charge Fluctuations and Susceptibilities in Strongly Interacting Matter
• Analytic non-homogeneous condensates in the $(2+1)$-dimensional Yang-Mills-Higgs-Chern-Simons theory at finite density
• Jet suppression in non-conformal plasma using AdS/CFT
• Classical Strongly Coupled QGP: VII. Energy Loss
• The $D^{\ast }/D$ ratio in heavy ion collisions
• Holographic QCD phase diagram for a rotating plasma in the Hawking-Page approach
• High temperature behavior of non-local observables in boosted strongly coupled plasma: A holographic study
• Speed of sound, breaking of conformal limit and instabilities in quark-gluon plasma at finite baryon density
• The non-perturbative analytical equation of state for the gluon matter. I
• Abelian monopoles in finite temperature lattice SU(2) gluodynamics: first study with improved action
• Correlator of Wilson and t'Hooft Loops at Strong Coupling in $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM Theory
• Quasi-linear transport approach to equilibration of quark-gluon plasmas
• Correlations of Abelian monopoles in quark-gluon plasma
• Shear and bulk viscosity of quark-gluon plasma with Gribov gluons and quasiparticle quarks
• Crossover to Cluster Plasma in the Gas of Quark-Gluon Bags
• Experimental review on the chiral magnetic effect in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Flow and vorticity with varying chemical potential in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Holographic drag force in non-conformal plasma
• Collective properties of nucleus-nucleus collisions from AGS to LHC energies
• Gas-liquid transition in the model of particles interacting at high energy
• Quantum simulations of strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma
• The sound damping constant for generalized theories of gravity
• Perspectives in Small Systems : Heavy Quarks and HBT Radii
• Physical properties of Polyakov loop geometrical clusters in SU(2) gluodynamics
• The quark-gluon medium (micro- and macro-QCD)
• Quantum quench, large N, and symmetry restoration
• Back reaction effects on the dynamics of heavy probes in heavy quark cloud
• Exploring Strangeness Enhancement and Particle Production in Small Collision Systems with EPOS4 at $\sqrt{s_\rm{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• The Lifetime of the Electric Flux Tubes near the QCD Phase Transition
• Holography and the internal structure of charmonium
• Exploring sQGP and Small Systems
• Quark-cluster Stars: the structure
• Neutrino photoproduction on pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons
• Transport properties of a charged drop in an external electric field
• Hydrodynamics of strongly coupled non-conformal fluids from gauge/gravity duality
• Asymptotic Regge Trajectories of Non-strange Mesons
• In search of the QCD-Gravity correspondence
• Emergent Kink Statistics at Finite Temperature
• Transport properties of a charged hot spot in an external electromagnetic field
• Extraction of the Specific Shear Viscosity of Hot Hadron Gas
• Dyson-Schwinger Equations with a Parameterized Metric
• Cosmology from Strong Interactions
• On the Baryonic Density and Susceptibilities in a Holographic Model of QCD
• Supersymmetric plasma systems and their nonsupersymmetric counterparts
• Unraveling the effect of rotation on the confinement/deconfinement transition of the quark-gluon plasma
• London model of dual color superconductor
• Implications of correlations and fluctuations in small systems
• Formation of relativistic non-viscous fluid in central collisions of protons with energy 0.8 TeV with photoemulsion nuclei
• The QGP dynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Nuclear physics at the energy frontier: recent heavy ion results from the perspective of the Electron Ion Collider
• Study of thermal monopoles in lattice QCD
• Confinement/Deconfinement temperature for a rotating quark-gluon plasma
• A Large-$N$ Expansion for Minimum Bias
• Extreme dynamics and relaxation of quantum gases: A hydrodynamic approach
• Quark-cluster Stars: hints from the surface
• The quest for the quark-gluon plasma from the perspective of dynamical models of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Elliptic flow from Coulomb interaction and low density elastic scattering
• Evolution of quasiperiodic structures in non-ideal hydrodynamic description of phase transitions
• On some properties of Deuteron and Antideuteron production in high energy lead-lead collisions at 158A GeV
• State of matter for quark stars