Collective Flow signals the Quark Gluon Plasma

Abstract

A critical discussion of the present status of the CERN experiments on charm dynamics and hadron collective flow is given. We emphasize the importance of the flow excitation function from 1 to 50 A$\cdot$GeV: here the hydrodynamic model has predicted the collapse of the $v_1$-flow and of the $v_2$-flow at $\sim 10$ A$\cdot$GeV; at 40 A$\cdot$GeV it has been recently observed by the NA49 collaboration. Since hadronic rescattering models predict much larger flow than observed at this energy we interpret this observation as potential evidence for a first order phase transition at high baryon density ${\rho }_B$. A detailed discussion of the collective flow as a barometer for the equation of state (EoS) of hot dense matter at RHIC follows. Additionally, detailed transport studies show that the away-side jet suppression can only partially ($<$ 50%) be due to hadronic rescattering. We, finally, propose upgrades and second generation experiments at RHIC which inspect the first order phase transition in the fragmentation region, i.e. at ${\mu }_B\approx 400$ MeV ($y\approx 4-5$), where the collapse of the proton flow should be seen in analogy to the 40 A$\cdot$GeV data. The study of Jet-Wake-riding potentials and Bow shocks -- caused by jets in the QGP formed at RHIC -- can give further information on the equation of state (EoS) and transport coefficients of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP).

19 pages, 22 figures, Proceedings for RBRC Workshop 'New Discoveries at RHIC - The Strongly Interactive QGP', BNL, NY, May 2004

Cited by in corpus (281)

• QCD and strongly coupled gauge theories: challenges and perspectives
• Mapping the Phases of Quantum Chromodynamics with Beam Energy Scan
• Elastic, Inelastic, and Path Length Fluctuations in Jet Tomography
• Physics of Strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Dihadron azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV
• Heavy-Quark Kinetics in the QGP at LHC
• Thermal Dileptons at LHC
• Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC - Last Call for Predictions
• Modifications to Di-Jet Hadron Pair Correlations in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Perfect Fluidity of the Quark Gluon Plasma Core as Seen through its Dissipative Hadronic Corona
• Identified particle production, azimuthal anisotropy, and interferometry measurements in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 9.2 GeV
• Beam-Energy Dependence of Directed Flow of Protons, Antiprotons and Pions in Au+Au Collisions
• Linear Boltzmann Transport for Jet Propagation in the Quark-Gluon Plasma: Elastic Processes and Medium Recoil
• Dense Nuclear Matter Equation of State from Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Initial State Fluctuations and Final State Correlations in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Hypernuclei, dibaryon and antinuclei production in high energy heavy ion collisions: Thermal production vs. Coalescence
• Hydrodynamic Approaches in Relativistic Heavy Ion Reactions
• Effects of jet-induced medium excitation in $\gamma$-hadron correlation in A+A collisions
• Measurements of $\varphi$ meson production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC
• Recent results in relativistic heavy ion collisions: from ``a new state of matter'' to "the perfect fluid"
• Angular Structure of Jet Quenching Within a Hybrid Strong/Weak Coupling Model
• Full jet in quark-gluon plasma with hydrodynamic medium response
• The applicability of causal dissipative hydrodynamics to relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Angular Dependence of Jet Quenching Indicates Its Strong Enhancement Near the QCD Phase Transition
• From gauge-string duality to strong interactions: a Pedestrian's Guide
• Status and initial physics performance studies of the MPD experiment at NICA
• Exploring the QCD Phase Structure with Beam Energy Scan in Heavy-ion Collisions
• Sonic booms and diffusion wakes generated by a heavy quark in thermal AdS/CFT
• Ring-like events: Cherenkov gluons or Mach waves?
• Jets, Mach cone, hot spots, ridges, harmonic flow, dihadron and $\gamma$-hadron correlation in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Mach shocks induced by partonic jets in expanding quark-gluon plasma
• Non-extensive statistical effects in high-energy collisions
• Interplaying mechanisms behind single inclusive jet suppression in heavy-ion collisions
• Indications of Conical Emission of Charged Hadrons at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
• Relativistic Dissipative Hydrodynamics: A Minimal Causal Theory
• Relativistic shock waves in viscous gluon matter
• Beam-Energy Dependence of Directed Flow of $\Lambda$, $\bar{\Lambda }$, $K^{\pm }$, $K_s^0$ and $\varphi$ in Au+Au Collisions
• Effects of jet quenching on the hydrodynamical evolution of quark-gluon plasma
• Mach cones in an evolving medium
• Prospects of medium tomography using back-to-back hadron correlations
• (3+1)-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Expansion with a Critical Point from Realistic Initial Conditions
• Theoretical and Experimental Constraints for the Equation of State of Dense and Hot Matter
• Universality of the Diffusion Wake from Stopped and Punch-Through Jets in Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Examination of the directed flow puzzle in heavy-ion collisions
• Directed flow, a signal for the phase transition in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions?
• Mach cone induced by $\gamma$-triggered jets in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Examination of directed flow as a signature of the softest point of the equation of state in QCD matter
• Sonic Mach Cones Induced by Fast Partons in a Perturbative Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Azimuthal anisotropies for Au+Au collisions in the parton-hadron transient energy range
• Directed and elliptic flow in heavy ion collisions from $E_{\mathrm{beam}}=90$ MeV/nucleon to $E_{c.m.}=200$ GeV/nucleon
• Beam Energy Dependence of the Third Harmonic of Azimuthal Correlations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
• Azimuthal di-hadron correlations in d+Au and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV from STAR
• A Study of the Properties of the QCD Phase Diagram in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Hydrodynamics with a chiral hadronic equation of state including quark degrees of freedom
• The sound produced by a fast parton in the quark-gluon plasma is a "crescendo"
• Directed flow in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}$ =62.4 GeV
• The Present and Future of QCD
• Di-hadron azimuthal correlation and Mach-like cone structure in parton/hadron transport model
• Directed Flow Indicates a Crossover Deconfinement Transition in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Medium modification of $\gamma$-jet fragmentation functions in Pb+Pb collisions at LHC
• Universal Flow-Driven Conical Emission in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• STAR Results from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan-I
• Identifying the nature of the QCD transition in relativistic collision of heavy nuclei with deep learning
• Momentum-dependent potential and collective flows within the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics approach based on relativistic mean-field theory
• Equation of state dependence of directed flow in a microscopic transport model
• Momentum transport away from a jet in an expanding nuclear medium
• Jet Shapes in Opaque Media
• The QCD phase diagram and Beam Energy Scan physics: a theory overview
• Toward the AdS/CFT gravity dual for High Energy Collisions: I.Falling into the AdS
• Charge-dependent directed flow in asymmetric nuclear collisions
• 3D structure of jet-induced diffusion wake in an expanding quark-gluon plasma
• A machine learning study to identify spinodal clumping in high energy nuclear collisions
• Transverse Radial Flow Effects on Two- and Three-Particle Angular Correlations
• Jet quenching
• Mean-field update in the JAM microscopic model: Mean-field effects on collective flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2-20$ GeV energies
• Sensitivity of Au+Au collisions to the symmetric nuclear matter equation of state at 2 -- 5 nuclear saturation densities
• Phase transitions and critical behavior in hadronic transport with a relativistic density functional equation of state
• Hydrodynamics at large baryon densities: Understanding proton vs. anti-proton v_2 and other puzzles
• Directed, elliptic and triangular flow of protons in Au+Au reactions at 1.23 AGeV: A theoretical analysis of the recent HADES data
• Review of Recent Results from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan
• The Fluid Nature of Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Transition From Ideal To Viscous Mach Cones In A Kinetic Transport Approach
• Quark-Gluon Matter
• Vorticity and hyperon polarization at NICA energies
• Search for the elusive jet-induced diffusion wake in $Z/\gamma$-jets with 2D jet tomography in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• QCD Equation of State of Dense Nuclear Matter from a Bayesian Analysis of Heavy-Ion Collision Data
• Wakes in the quark-gluon plasma
• Softening of the equation of state of matter at large densities and temperatures: chiral symmetry restoration vs. quark deconfinement
• Anomalous Conical Di-jet Correlations in pQCD vs AdS/CFT
• The high-density equation of state in heavy-ion collisions: Constraints from proton flow
• Hydrodynamic modeling of deconfinement phase transition in heavy-ion collisions at NICA-FAIR energies
• Through the blackness -- high p_T hadrons probing the central region of 200 AGeV Au-Au collisions
• Di-Jet Conical Correlations Associated with Heavy Quark Jets in anti--de Sitter Space/Conformal Field Theory Correspondence
• Shear Viscosity of a Gluon Plasma in Perturbative QCD
• Mach cones in the quark-gluon plasma: Viscosity, speed of sound, and effects of finite source structure
• Directed Flow of Identified Particles in Au + Au Collisions at $\sqrtsNN = 200$ GeV at RHIC
• The rapidity structure of Mach cones and other large angle correlations in heavy-ion collisions
• Interplay between core and corona components in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Sensitivity of the excitation functions of collective flow to relativistic scalar and vector meson interactions in the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model RQMD.RMF
• Interplay between Mach cone and radial expansion and its signal in $\gamma$-jet events
• Three-particle azimuthal correlations and Mach shocks
• Probing initial baryon stopping and equation of state with rapidity-dependent directed flow of identified particles
• The quark-gluon medium
• Longitudinal fluid dynamics for ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Exceptional thermodynamics: The equation of state of G(2) gauge theory
• The first moment of azimuthal anisotropy in nuclear collisions from AGS to LHC energies
• Nonextensive statistical effects in the hadron to quark-gluon phase transition
• Universality of the diffusion wake in the gauge-string duality
• Momentum conservation and correlation analyses in heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies
• Core-corona separation in the UrQMD hybrid model
• Shear Viscosity and Phase Diagram from Polyakov$-$Nambu$-$Jona-Lasinio model
• Fast partons as a source of energy and momentum in a perturbative quark-gluon plasma
• Angular dihadron correlations as interplay of elliptic and triangular flows
• Anisotropic flow at RHIC: How unique is the number-of-constituent-quark scaling?
• Mach Cones in Quark Gluon Plasma
• Heavy quarks at RHIC from parton transport theory
• Glueballs amass at RHIC and LHC Colliders! - The early quarkless 1st order phase transition at $T=270$ MeV - from pure Yang-Mills glue plasma to GlueBall-Hagedorn states
• Wakes in a Collisional Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Directed and elliptic flow of charged particles in Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{{\mathbf{s}}_{\mathbf{NN}}}=$ 22.4 GeV
• Beam energy dependence of squeeze-out effect on the directed and elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at high baryon density region
• 3-D hydro + cascade model at RHIC
• Linearized hydrodynamics from probe-sources in the gauge-string duality
• Shock propagation and stability in causal dissipative hydrodynamics
• Novel Phenomena in Particle Correlations in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Chromohydrodynamical instabilities induced by relativistic jets
• Event-plane dependent dihadron correlations with harmonic $v_n$ subtraction in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=200$ GeV
• Three-Particle Azimuthal Correlations
• Enhancement of elliptic flow can signal a first order phase transition in high energy heavy ion collisions
• Mach cones in viscous heavy-ion collisions
• Medium Response and Jet-Hadron Correlations in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Structure in the speed of sound: from neutron stars to heavy-ion collisions
• Jet Propagation and Mach Cones in (3+1)d Ideal Hydrodynamics
• What can we learn from the directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at BES RHIC energies?
• High energy Cherenkov gluons at RHIC and LHC
• Three-Particle Correlations from Parton Cascades in Au+Au Collisions
• Shock waves in strongly coupled plasmas
• Collective flow of open and hidden charm in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV
• Enhancement of baryon-to-meson ratios around jets as a signature of medium response
• Two particle differential transverse momentum and number density correlations in p-Pb and Pb-Pb at the LHC
• Medium-modified Jet Shapes and other Jet Observables from in-medium Parton Shower Evolution
• Non-linear waves in a Quark Gluon Plasma
• Deep learning assisted jet tomography for the study of Mach cones in QGP
• Shock waves in strongly coupled plasmas II
• Development of relativistic shock waves in viscous gluon matter
• Towards detailed tomography of high energy heavy-ion collisions by $\gamma$-jet
• Shock Treatment: Heavy Quark Drag in a Novel AdS Geometry
• Energy dependence study of directed flow in Au+Au collisions using an improved coalescence in AMPT model
• Beam-Energy Dependence of the Directed Flow of Deuterons in Au+Au Collisions
• Methods for Jet Studies with Three-Particle Correlations
• The QCD Critical Point and Related Observables
• $\varphi$ meson production and partonic collectivity at RHIC
• Directed flow of open charm in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV using a quark coalescence model
• Charge-dependent directed flows in heavy-ion collisions by Boltzmann-Maxwell equations
• Results from the STAR Beam Energy Scan Program
• Evidence for non-hadronic interactions of charm degrees of freedom in heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies
• Quark-Gluon Plasma - New Frontiers
• Directed flow of transported and non-transported protons in Au+Au collisions from UrQMD model
• Stable TeV - Black Hole Remnants at the LHC: Discovery through Di-Jet Suppression, Mono-Jet Emission and a Supersonic Boom in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Basic phenomenology for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Probing criticality with deep learning in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• The space-time structure of the energy deposition into the bulk medium due to jet quenching
• Analysis Method for Jet-Like Three-Particle Azimuthal Correlations
• Studies of di-jet survival and surface emission bias in Au+Au collisions via angular correlations with respect to back-to-back leading hadrons
• Collective Flow of QCD Matter: a Historical Introduction
• Hard jet substructure in a multistage approach
• Coarse graining scale and effectiveness of hydrodynamic modeling
• STAR results on medium properties and response of the medium to energetic partons
• Phase transition amplification of proton number fluctuations in nuclear collisions from a transport model approach
• The enhancement of $v_4$ in nuclear collisions at the highest densities signals a first order phase transition
• An operator definition and derivation of collisional energy and momentum loss in relativistic plasmas
• Revisit of directed flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from a multiphase transport model
• Conical flow due to partonic jets in central Au+Au collisions
• Beam Energy Dependence of First and Higher Order Flow Harmonics from the STAR Experiment at RHIC
• Study of relativistic charged particles production in ^{84}Kr$_{36}+Em interaction at around 1 A GeV with wounded nucleon model
• 1+1 Dimensional Hydrodynamics for High-energy Heavy-ion Collisions
• Collective flows of ${}^{16}$O + ${}^{16}$O collisions with $\alpha$-clustering configurations
• Wake potential in collisional anisotropic quark-gluon plasma
• Two particle azimuthal correlations at high transverse momentum in Pb-Au at 158 AGeV/c
• Particle-species dependent modification of jet-induced correlations in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Focus talk on interactions between jets and medium
• Relics of Minijets amid Anisotropic Flows in High-energy Heavy-ion Collisions
• A comparative study on two different expressions of Bulk viscosity in the PNJL model
• Are There Mach Cones in Heavy Ion Collisions? Three-Particle Correlations from STAR
• Energy Dependence of Directed Flow in Au+Au Collisions from a Multi-phase Transport Model
• Using two- and Three-particle correlations to probe strongly interacting partonic matter
• Flavoring the Quark-Gluon Plasma with Charm
• The background for Cherenkov gluons at RHIC and LHC energies
• Does non-monotonic behavior of directed flow signal the onset of deconfinement?
• Di-jet hadron pair correlation in a hydrodynamical model with a quenching jet
• Light-front Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model at finite temperature and density
• Beam-Energy and Centrality Dependence of Directed Flow of Identified Particles
• Distributions of Charged Hadrons Associated with High pT Particles
• Hadronization using the Wigner function approach for a multiphase transport model
• Mach Cones and Hydrodynamic Flow: Probing Big Bang Matter in the Laboratory
• Wake in anisotropic Quark-Gluon Plasma
• In-Medium Properties of Jets
• Hadron-string cascade versus hydrodynamics in Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV
• Three-particle cumulant Study of Conical Emission
• Model dependence of the number of participant nucleons and observable consequences in heavy-ion collisions
• Nonlinear waves in second order conformal hydrodynamics
• Conical Emission in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Prospects of Medium Tomography using 2-,3- and 4-Particle Correlations for a (semi-)hard Trigger
• QCD equation of state in a virial expansion
• Conical Correlations, Bragg Peaks, and Transverse Flow Deflections in Jet Tomography
• Directed flow as effect of transient matter rotation in hadron and nucleus collisions
• Machine learning study to identify collective flow in small and large colliding systems
• Measurements of Dihadron Correlations Relative to the Event Plane in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=200$ GeV
• Equation of state dependence of Mach cone like structures in Au+Au collisions
• Effects of mean-field and the softening of equation of state on elliptic flow in Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5 GeV from JAM model
• Beam Energy Dependence of Directed and Elliptic Flow Measurement from the STAR Experiment
• Modification of jet-like correlations in Pb-Au collisions at 158A GeV/c
• RHIC results from LHC perspectives
• Two- and three-particle azimuthal correlations of high-pt charged hadrons in Pb-Au collisions at 158A GeV/c
• Influence of quenched jets on di-hadron correlations
• Directed flow in an extended multiphase transport model
• Away-side asymmetry of jet correlation relative to reaction plane: a sensitive probe for jet in-medium modifications
• Strangeness thermodynamic instabilities in hot and dense nuclear matter
• Open Problems in Hydrodynamical Approach to Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• "QM19 summary talk": Outlook and future of heavy-ion collisions
• Collective Excitation in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions -- In Memory of Professor Lianshou Liu
• Anti-flow of Mesons in the High Baryon Density Region
• Signatures of Mach Shocks at RHIC
• The medium in heavy-ion collisions
• Chiral Hadronic Mean Field Model including Quark Degrees of Freedom
• High-energy heavy-ions physics: from RHIC to LHC
• Recent selected theory developments for NICA
• Has the Quark-Gluon Plasma been seen?
• Examination of STAR fixed-target data on directed flow at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 3 and 4.5 GeV
• Jet and Leading Hadron Production in High-energy Heavy-ion Collisions
• Directed and elliptic flow of identified hadrons, high-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ charged hadrons and light nuclei in Au+Au collisions at STAR
• A Study of the Di-Hadron Angular Correlation Function in Event by Event Ideal Hydrodynamics
• Directed flow in heavy-ion collisions and its implications for astrophysics
• Non-thermal distributions of charm and charmonium in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Ultra fast, event-by-event heavy-ion simulations for next generation experiments
• Study on higher moments of net-charge multiplicity distributions using a multiphase transport model
• Directed flow of quarks from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan measured by STAR
• Two-particle azimuthal correlations at high transverse momentum in Pb-Au at 158 AGeV/c
• A transport calculation with an embedded (3+1)d hydrodynamic evolution: Elliptic flow as a function of transverse momentum at SPS energies
• Shear Viscosity in Weakly Coupled N-Component Scalar Field Theories
• Mach Cones in Viscous Matter
• New Formulation of Causal Dissipative Hydrodynamics: Shock wave propagation
• Jet Studies in STAR via 2+1 Correlations
• Effect of global momentum conservation on longitudinal flow decorrelation
• Toward a foundation model for heavy-ion collision experiments based on point-cloud diffusion
• Methods for Jet Studies and Search for Conical Emission with Three-Particle Correlations
• Jet quenching and elliptic flow
• Extraction of dihadron-jet correlations with rigorous flow-background subtraction in a multiphase transport model
• Measurement of Kaon Directed Flow in Au+Au Collisions in the High Baryon Density Region
• Three Particle Correlations from STAR
• Physics of Collectivity and EOS from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan Program
• The sound generated by a fast parton in the quark-gluon plasma is a crescendo
• The effect of quark coalescence on conical signals
• Hard Probes are the "Meridian Line", sQGP is the Forbidden City
• Directed Flow of Identified Particles in Au + Au Collisions at $\sqrtsNN = 200$ GeV
• Examining the influence of hadronic interactions on the directed flow of identified particles in RHIC Beam Energy Scan energies using UrQMD model
• Probing Dense Partonic Matter at RHIC
• Testing the collectivity in large and small colliding systems with test particles
• Mach-like emission from nucleon scattering in proton-nucleus reaction
• Multiparticle angular correlations: a probe for the sQGP at RHIC
• Light Nuclei and Hyper Nuclei Collectivity Measurements at High Baryon Density Region
• Predictions of baryon directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at high baryon density
• Observation of the jet diffusion wake using dijets in heavy ion collisions
• Comparing different freeze-out scenarios in azimuthal hadron correlations induced by fast partons
• Di-jet asymmetric momentum transported by QGP fluid
• Random statistical analysis of transverse momentum spectra of strange particles and dependence of related parameters on centrality in high energy collisions at the LHC
• Directed flow of $\Lambda$, $\bar{\Lambda }$, $K^{\pm }$, $K_S^0$ and $\varphi$ mesons from Beam Energy Scan Au+Au collisions using the STAR experiment
• Jet reshaping in heavy-ion collisions
• The time evolution of light nuclei cumulants and ratios with a first-order phase transition in the UrQMD transport model
• Cumulant versus jet-like three-particle correlations
• Recent high pT measurements in STAR
• Measurement of away-side broadening with self-subtraction of flow in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=200$ GeV
• STAR Highlights on Heavy Ion Physics
• Summary of theoretical contributions
• The Wake of a Heavy Quark in Non-Abelian Plasmas : Comparing Kinetic Theory and the AdS/CFT Correspondence
• System size dependence of charged hadrons directed flow at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV using a multi-phase transport model
• What the collective flow excitation function can tell about the quark-gluon plasma
• RHIC and LHC phenomena with an unified parton transport
• Constraining the Phase-Transition EoS using the Energy Dependence of Directed Flow
• Elastic parton scattering and non-statistical event-by-event mean-pt fluctuations in Au + Au collisions at RHIC
• The effect of recoils on soft-drop-groomed observables in $\gamma$-tagged jets in a multistage approach
• Tomographic Studies of the sQGP