The high-density equation of state in heavy-ion collisions: Constraints from proton flow

Abstract

A set of different equations of state is implemented in the molecular dynamics part of a non-equilibrium transport simulation (UrQMD) of heavy-ion collisions. It is shown how different flow observables are affected by the density dependence of the equation of state. In particular, the effects of a phase transition at high density are explored, including an expected reduction in mean $m_T$. We also show that an increase in $v_2$ is characteristic for a strong softening of the equation of state. The phase transitions with a low coexistence density, $n_{\mathrm{CE}}<4n_0$, show a distinct minimum in the slope of the directed flow as a function of the beam energy, which would be a clear experimental signal. By comparing our results with experimental data, we can exclude any strong phase transition at densities below $4n_0$.

12 pages, 5 figures, version accepted for publication

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• QCD Equation of State of Dense Nuclear Matter from a Bayesian Analysis of Heavy-Ion Collision Data
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• Predictions of baryon directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at high baryon density
• Constraining the Phase-Transition EoS using the Energy Dependence of Directed Flow
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• Space-time regions of high baryon density and baryon stopping in heavy-ion collisions
• The quest for the quark-gluon plasma from the perspective of dynamical models of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
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