The enhancement of $v_4$ in nuclear collisions at the highest densities signals a first order phase transition

Abstract

The beam energy dependence of $v_4$ (the quadrupole moment of the transverse radial flow) is sensitive to the nuclear equation of state (EoS) in mid-central Au + Au collisions at the energy range of $3<\sqrt{s_{NN}}<30$ GeV, which is investigated within the hadronic transport model JAM. Different equations of state, namely, a free hadron gas, a first-order phase transition and a crossover are compared. An enhancement of $v_4$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\approx 6$ GeV is predicted for an EoS with a first-order phase transition. This enhanced $v_4$ flow is driven by both the enhancement of $v_2$ as well as the positive contribution to $v_4$ from the squeeze-out of spectator particles which turn into participants due to the admixture of the strong collective flow in the shocked, compressed nuclear matter.

10pages, 3 figures

References in corpus (5)

• Challenges in QCD matter physics - The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR
• Momentum spectra, anisotropic flow, and ideal fluids
• An effective chiral Hadron-Quark Equation of State
• Equation of state dependence of directed flow in a microscopic transport model
• v4 from ideal and viscous hydrodynamic simulations of nuclear collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC)

Cited by in corpus (11)

• Momentum-dependent potential and collective flows within the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics approach based on relativistic mean-field theory
• A machine learning study to identify spinodal clumping in high energy nuclear collisions
• The high-density equation of state in heavy-ion collisions: Constraints from proton flow
• Sensitivity of the excitation functions of collective flow to relativistic scalar and vector meson interactions in the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model RQMD.RMF
• Dilepton Radiation from Strongly Interacting Systems
• Dilepton Signature of a First-Order Phase Transition
• Probing criticality with deep learning in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Dependence on beam energy and nuclear equation of state dependence of anisotropic flow and particle production in low-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Anisotropic flow of charged and identified hadrons at FAIR energies and its dependence on the nuclear equation of state
• Harmonic flow correlations in Au+Au reactions at 1.23 AGeV: A new testing ground for the Equation-of-State and expansion geometry
• Effect of various particlization scenarios on anisotropic flow and particle production using UrQMD hybrid model