Hydrodynamics at RHIC and LHC: What have we learned?

Abstract

Fluid dynamical description of elementary particle collisions has a long history dating back to the works of Landau and Fermi. Nevertheless, it is during the last 10-15 years when fluid dynamics has become the standard tool to describe the evolution of matter created in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. In this review I briefly describe the hydrodynamical models, what we have learned when analyzing the RHIC and LHC data using these models, and what the latest developments and challenges are.

References added and typos corrected, corresponds to the published version, 22 pages, 14 figures

References in corpus (30)

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• The Color Glass Condensate
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• Fully integrated transport approach to heavy ion reactions with an intermediate hydrodynamic stage
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• Explanation of systematics of CMS p+Pb high multiplicity di-hadron data at ${\sqrt{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}=5.02$ TeV
• Eccentricity fluctuations from the Color Glass Condensate at RHIC and LHC
• The applicability of causal dissipative hydrodynamics to relativistic heavy ion collisions
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• Initial condition for hydrodynamics, partonic free streaming, and the uniform description of soft observables at RHIC
• Electromagnetic radiation from nuclear collisions at RHIC energies
• Uniform description of bulk observables in the hydrokinetic model of A+A collisions at RHIC and LHC
• Femtoscopy in hydro-inspired models with resonances
• Chemical freeze-out temperature in hydrodynamical description of Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Small x physics and RHIC data
• Constraining the initial state granularity with bulk observables in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200$ GeV
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Cited by in corpus (47)

• Jet quenching in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Event-by-event fluctuations in perturbative QCD + saturation + hydro model: pinning down QCD matter shear viscosity in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Hydrodynamic Approaches in Relativistic Heavy Ion Reactions
• Collective flow in 2.76 A TeV and 5.02 A TeV Pb+Pb collisions
• Dynamically integrated transport approach for heavy-ion collisions at high baryon density
• (3+1)-D viscous hydrodynamics CLVisc at finite net baryon density: identified particle spectra, anisotropic flows and flow fluctuations across BES energies
• Fluid Dynamics and Viscosity in Strongly Correlated Fluids
• Longitudinal Decorrelation of Anisotropic Flows in Heavy-ion Collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
• Closing the equations of motion of anisotropic fluid dynamics by a judicious choice of moment of the Boltzmann equation
• From hydro to jet quenching, coalescence and hadron cascade: a coupled approach to solving the $R_{AA}\otimes v_2$ puzzle
• Influence of temperature dependent shear viscosity on elliptic flow at back- and forward rapidities in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Temperature dependence of $\eta /s$ of strongly interacting matter: effects of the equation of state and the parametric form of $(\eta /s)(T)$
• Longitudinal fluctuations and decorrelations of anisotropic flows at the LHC and RHIC energies
• Causality of fluid dynamics for high-energy nuclear collisions
• Modeling of heavy-flavor pair correlations in Au-Au collisions at 200 A GeV at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
• Anisotropic flow in transport+hydrodynamics hybrid approaches
• Generic algorithm for multi-particle cumulants of azimuthal correlations in high energy nucleus collisions
• Sensitivity of the excitation functions of collective flow to relativistic scalar and vector meson interactions in the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model RQMD.RMF
• Neutron skin and centrality classification in high-energy heavy-ion collisions at the LHC
• Principal Component Analysis of collective flow in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• QLBT: A linear Boltzmann transport model for heavy quarks in a quark-gluon plasma of quasi-particles
• Longitudinal distribution of initial energy density and directed flow of charged particles in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Enhancement of elliptic flow can signal a first order phase transition in high energy heavy ion collisions
• A hydrodynamic approach to boost invariant free streaming
• Fluid dynamics of heavy ion collisions with Mode expansion (FluiduM)
• Initialization of hydrodynamics in relativistic heavy ion collisions with an energy-momentum transport model
• Scaling behaviors of heavy flavor meson suppression and flow in different nuclear collision systems at the LHC
• Exploring the applicability of dissipative fluid dynamics to small systems by comparison to the Boltzmann equation
• Initial energy density of $\sqrt{s}=$ 7 and 8 TeV p+p collisions at the LHC
• Kinetic evolution of the glasma and thermalization in heavy ion collisions
• Monte Carlo Glauber wounded nucleon model with meson cloud
• Monte Carlo Glauber model with meson cloud: predictions for 5.44 TeV Xe+Xe collisions
• The enhancement of $v_4$ in nuclear collisions at the highest densities signals a first order phase transition
• Squeezed back-to-back correlation of $\bqD^0{\bar \bqD}^0$ in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Single Freeze-Out, Statistics and Pion, Kaon and Proton Production in Central Pb-Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV
• Dissipative corrections to particle spectra and anisotropic flow from a saddle-point approximation to kinetic freeze out
• Centrality dependence of freeze-out temperature fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC
• Anisotropic Flow and Jet Quenching in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Non-extensive (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamics for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Hydrodynamic simulations of directed flow for light hadrons in Au+Au and isobar collisions $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}=$ 200 GeV
• System size and shape dependences of collective flow fluctuations in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Effect of global momentum conservation on longitudinal flow decorrelation
• Quantum canonical ensemble and correlation femtoscopy at fixed multiplicities
• Pion transverse-momentum spectrum, elliptic flow, and Hanbury-Brown-Twiss interferometry in a viscous granular source model
• Hot origin of the Little Bang
• Overview of recent azimuthal correlation measurements from ALICE
• Influence of correlations between yields on the chemical freeze-out temperature