Elliptic flow at SPS and RHIC: from kinetic transport to hydrodynamics

Abstract

Anisotropic transverse flow is studied in Pb+Pb and Au+Au collisions at SPS and RHIC energies. The centrality and transverse momentum dependence at midrapidity of the elliptic flow coefficient v_2 is calculated in the hydrodynamic and low density limits. Hydrodynamics is found to agree well with the RHIC data for semicentral collisions up to transverse momenta of 1-1.5 GeV/c, but it considerably overestimates the measured elliptic flow at SPS energies. The low density limit LDL is inconsistent with the measured magnitude of v_2 at RHIC energies and with the shape of its p_t-dependence at both RHIC and SPS energies. The success of the hydrodynamic model points to very rapid thermalization in Au+Au collisions at RHIC and provides a serious challenge for kinetic approaches based on classical scattering of on-shell particles.

7 pages incl. 5 figures; submitted to Physics Letters B; Ref. 4 and a few typos corrected; no changes in contents

Cited by in corpus (296)

• Quark Gluon Plasma an Color Glass Condensate at RHIC? The perspective from the BRAHMS experiment
• The PHOBOS Perspective on Discoveries at RHIC
• Theory of ultracold Fermi gases
• A Multi-Phase Transport Model for Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Collective flow and viscosity in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• New Forms of QCD Matter Discovered at RHIC
• Observation of Long-Range Near-Side Angular Correlations in Proton-Proton Collisions at the LHC
• Collision geometry fluctuations and triangular flow in heavy-ion collisions
• Energy loss of a heavy quark moving through N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma
• How Much do Heavy Quarks Thermalize in a Heavy Ion Collision?
• Hydrodynamic Modeling of Heavy-Ion Collisions
• What RHIC Experiments and Theory tell us about Properties of Quark-Gluon Plasma ?
• The Effect of Shear Viscosity on Spectra, Elliptic Flow, and HBT Radii
• Elliptic flow at large transverse momenta from quark coalescence
• 3+1D hydrodynamic simulation of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Collective flow and two-pion correlations from a relativistic hydrodynamic model with early chemical freeze out
• Why does the Quark-Gluon Plasma at RHIC behave as a nearly ideal fluid ?
• Thermalization of gluons in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions by including three-body interactions in a parton cascade
• Triangularity and Dipole Asymmetry in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Nearly Perfect Fluidity: From Cold Atomic Gases to Hot Quark Gluon Plasmas
• A calculation of the bulk viscosity in SU(3) gluodynamics
• Simulating elliptic flow with viscous hydrodynamics
• Fully integrated transport approach to heavy ion reactions with an intermediate hydrodynamic stage
• A calculation of the shear viscosity in SU(3) gluodynamics
• Elliptic flow from two- and four-particle correlations in Au + Au collisions at sqrt{s_{NN}} = 130 GeV
• Directed and elliptic flow of charged pions and protons in Pb+Pb collisions at 40 and 158A GeV
• Saturation of Elliptic Flow and the Transport Opacity of the Gluon Plasma at RHIC
• Centrality dependence of multiplicity, transverse energy, and elliptic flow from hydrodynamics
• Identified Particle Elliptic Flow in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}=130$ GeV}
• Towards a Theory of Binary Bound States in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Perfect Fluidity of the Quark Gluon Plasma Core as Seen through its Dissipative Hadronic Corona
• The Importance of Correlations and Fluctuations on the Initial Source Eccentricity in High-Energy Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
• Transverse flow and hadro-chemistry in Au+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}}=200 GeV
• Is early thermalization achieved only near midrapidity at RHIC ?
• Centrality and pseudorapidity dependence of elliptic flow for charged hadrons in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 200 GeV
• Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics at Relativistic Collider Energies
• Heavy Quarkonia in Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Radiative energy loss and v2 spectra for viscous hydrodynamics
• Particlization in hybrid models
• Rethinking the Properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma at $T\sim T_c$
• Single Identified Hadron Spectra from sqrt(s_NN)=130 GeV Au+Au Collisions
• Second order hydrodynamic coefficients from kinetic theory
• Finite Temperature Spectral Densities of Momentum and R-Charge Correlators in $\mathbb{N}=4$ Yang Mills Theory
• Effects of Bulk Viscosity at Freezeout
• Anisotropic parton escape is the dominant source of azimuthal anisotropy in transport models
• Anisotropic parton escape is the dominant source of azimuthal anisotropy in transport models
• Influence of Bottom Quark Jet Quenching on Single Electron Tomography of Au+Au
• QCD Plasma Instabilities: The Nonabelian Cascade
• Recent results in relativistic heavy ion collisions: from ``a new state of matter'' to "the perfect fluid"
• Elliptic flow of thermal photons in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Electrical Conductivity of Hot QCD Matter
• Heavy Quark Diffusion from the Lattice
• Hydrodynamic afterburner for the Color Glass Condensate and the parton energy loss
• Integrated Dynamical Approach to Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• A Family of Equations of State Based on Lattice QCD: Impact on Flow in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Hydrodynamic predictions for 5.44 TeV Xe+Xe collisions
• Transverse momentum spectra and nuclear modification factors of charged particles in Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.44 TeV
• Shear and bulk viscosities of the gluon plasma in a quasiparticle description
• Transverse Expansion and High $p_T$ Azimuthal Asymmetry at RHIC
• Does the Charm Flow at RHIC?
• Mean-Field Effects on Collective Flows in High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions at 2-158A GeV energies
• Flavor ordering of elliptic flows at high transverse momentum
• Anisotropy of flow and the order of phase transition in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Uniform description of bulk observables in the hydrokinetic model of A+A collisions at RHIC and LHC
• $\varphi$ and $\Omega$ production in relativistic heavy ion collisions in a dynamical quark coalescence model
• Super-horizon fluctuations and acoustic oscillations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Evolution of the differential transverse momentum correlation function with centrality in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV
• Interplay between soft and hard hadronic components for identified hadrons in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Early Time Dynamics in Heavy Ion Collisions from AdS/CFT Correspondence
• Asymmetric Collision of Two Shock Waves in AdS_5
• What do lattice baryonic susceptibilities tell us about quarks, diquarks and baryons at $T>Tc$?
• Elliptic flow of $\varphi$ meson and strange quark collectivity at RHIC
• Momentum anisotropies in the quark coalescence model
• Shear and bulk viscosities of strongly-interacting 'infinite' parton-hadron matter within the parton-hadron-string transport approach
• Non-flow correlations and elliptic flow fluctuations in gold-gold collisions at sqrt(s_NN)= 200 GeV
• Upsilon Production as a Probe for Early State Dynamics in High Energy Nuclear Collisions at RHIC
• J/psi transport in QGP and Pt distribution at SPS and RHIC
• v4: A small, but sensitive observable for heavy ion collisions
• Collective phenomena in non-central nuclear collisions
• (3+1)-dimensional dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics at non-zero net baryon density
• Early collective expansion: Relativistic hydrodynamics and the transport properties of QCD matter
• Elliptic flow in U+U collisions at sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV and in Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV: Prediction from a hybrid approach
• Semi-Hard Scattering Unraveled from Collective Dynamics by Two-Pion Azimuthal Correlations in 158 A GeV/c Pb + Au Collisions
• Classical Strongly Coupled QGP I: The Model and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
• Electric and magnetic response of hot QCD matter
• Transport properties of the quark-gluon plasma from lattice QCD
• Shear Viscosities from the Chapman-Enskog and the Relaxation Time Approaches
• Effect of resonance decays on hadron elliptic flows
• Fluctuations around Bjorken Flow and the onset of turbulent phenomena
• Event-by-event fluctuations of azimuthal particle anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Proton Differential Elliptic Flow and the Isospin-Dependence of the Nuclear Equation of State
• Anisotropic Drag Force from 4D Kerr-AdS Black Holes
• Dissipation and elliptic flow at RHIC
• Fluid Dynamics and Viscosity in Strongly Correlated Fluids
• Λ_{c} enhancement from strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma
• Hydrodynamics at RHIC and LHC: What have we learned?
• Relativistic Fluid Dynamics In and Out of Equilibrium -- Ten Years of Progress in Theory and Numerical Simulations of Nuclear Collisions
• Pseudorapidity dependence of anisotropic flows in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Energy-momentum tensor correlators and spectral functions
• Nearly isentropic flow at sizeable $\eta /s$
• Elliptic Flow, Kasner Universe and Holographic Dual of RHIC Fireball
• Elliptic flow of thermal dileptons in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Elliptic Flow Analysis at RHIC: Fluctuations vs. Non-Flow Effects
• Thermal photon $v_2$ with slow quark chemical equilibration
• Viscosities in the Gluon-Plasma within a Quasiparticle Model
• Effective String Rope Model for the initial stages of Ultra-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Elliptic flow of multi-strange particles: fragmentation, recombination and hydrodynamics
• On Kolmogorov Wave Turbulence in QCD
• Elliptic Flow from Minijet Production in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Multiplicities and Transverse Energies in Central AA Collisions at RHIC and LHC from pQCD, Saturation and Hydrodynamics
• The \bar q q Bound States and Instanton Molecule at T >~ T_c
• Anisotropic flow of charged and identified hadrons in the quark-gluon string model for Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV
• Effects of a phase transition on HBT correlations in an integrated Boltzmann+Hydrodynamics approach
• Elliptic flow of colored glass in high energy heavy ion collisions
• QCD Equation of State at Finite Chemical Potentials for Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• The quark-gluon plasma at RHIC
• Correlation between mean transverse momentum and anisotropic flow in heavy-ion collisions
• New approach to initializing hydrodynamic fields and mini-jet propagation in quark-gluon fluids
• Shear viscosity and out of equilibrium dynamics
• Dynamical Freeze-out in 3-Fluid Hydrodynamics
• Elliptic Flow from a Hybrid CGC, Full 3D Hydro and Hadronic Cascade Model
• Energy loss in high energy heavy ion collisions from the Hydro+Jet model
• Ideal hydrodynamics and elliptic flow at SPS energies: Importance of the initial conditions
• Elliptic flow at collider energies and cascade string models: The role of hard processes and multi-Pomeron exchanges
• Can Thermalization in Heavy Ion Collisions be Described by QCD Diagrams?
• Wakes in the quark-gluon plasma
• Relativistic Dissipative Hydrodynamic Equations at the Second Order for Multi-Component Systems with Multiple Conserved Currents
• Eccentricity fluctuations in an integrated hybrid approach: Influence on elliptic flow
• Elliptic Flow from a Transversally Thermalized Fireball
• Comparison of space-time evolutions of hot/dense matter in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=17 and 130 GeV relativistic heavy ion collisions based on a hydrodynamical model
• Emission angle dependent pion interferometry at RHIC and beyond
• Charm elliptic flow from quark coalescence dynamics
• Hydrodynamical analysis of hadronic spectra in the 130 GeV/nucleon Au+Au collisions
• Dissipative Hydrodynamic Effects on Baryon Stopping
• Polymer Chains and Baryons in a Strongly Coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Heavy Ion Collisions with Transverse Dynamics from Evolving AdS Geometries
• QCD in Nuclear Collisions
• Viscosity and Thermalization
• Deuteron-Nucleus Collisions in a Multi-Phase Transport Model
• Jet quenching at intermediate RHIC energies
• Anisotropic flow in transport+hydrodynamics hybrid approaches
• Skewness of mean transverse momentum fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
• Classical Strongly Coupled QGP II: Screening and Equation of State
• Longitudinal fluid dynamics for ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Possible Evidence for Radial Flow of Heavy Mesons in d+Au Collisions
• Wigner functions of massive fermions in strong magnetic fields
• Rapidity decorrelation of anisotropic flow caused by hydrodynamic fluctuations
• Elliptic flow of deuterons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Magnetic field in expanding quark-gluon plasma
• Development of heavy-flavour flow-harmonics in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Causal Viscous Hydrodynamics for Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Hydrodynamic models
• Analysis of pion elliptic flows and HBT interferometry in a granular quark-gluon plasma droplet model
• Impact of the initial size of spatial fluctuations on the collective flow in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV
• Differential elliptic flow of identified hadrons and constituent quark number scaling at FAIR
• Azimuth quadrupole component spectra on transverse rapidity ${\mathbf{y}}_{\mathbf{t}}$ for identified hadrons from Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 200 GeV
• Effect of the Wood-Saxon nuclear distribution on the chiral magnetic field in Relativistic Heavy-ion Collisions
• Non-equilibrated post freeze out distributions
• Elliptic Flow: A Study of Space-Momentum Correlations In Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• The Mini-Jet Scale and Energy Loss at RHIC in the HIJING and RQMD Models
• Estimating Elliptic Flow Coefficient in Heavy Ion Collisions using Deep Learning
• Dependence of hadron spectra on decoupling temperature and resonance contributions
• Rate Equation Network for Baryon Production in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Enhancement of Critical Slowing Down in Chiral Phase Transition -- Langevin Dynamics Approach --
• Emission angle dependent HBT at RHIC and beyond
• On the origin of trigger-angle dependence of di-hadron correlations
• Classical Computation of Elliptic Flow at Large Transverse Momentum
• B_c meson enhancement and the momentum dependence in Pb+Pb collisions at LHC energy
• Shear viscosity of the Quark-Gluon Plasma from a virial expansion
• HBT search for new states of matter in A+A collisions
• Energy, centrality and momentum dependence of dielectron production at collider energies in a coarse-grained transport approach
• Rapid Thermalization by Baryon Injection in Gauge/Gravity Duality
• Results of the Hydrodynamics Approach to Heavy Ion Collisions
• Elliptic Flow in Pb+Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV at the LHC Using Boltzmann Transport Equation with Non-extensive Statistics
• Novel self-similar rotating solutions of non-ideal transverse magnetohydrodynamics
• Study of shear viscosity of SU (2)-gluodynamics within lattice simulation
• Azimuthal dependence of pion source radii in Pb+Au collisions at 158 A GeV
• Exposing the Noncollectivity in Elliptic Flow
• Density, short-range order and the quark-gluon plasma
• Entanglement and Fast Quantum Thermalization in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Elliptic Flow Analysis at RHIC with the Lee-Yang Zeroes Method in a Relativistic Transport Approach
• Flavor Dependence of Meson Melting Temperature in Relativistic Potential Model
• Deep learning predicted elliptic flow of identified particles in heavy-ion collisions at the RHIC and LHC energies
• Sparse modeling approach to obtaining the shear viscosity from smeared correlation functions
• Correlation Functions and Cumulants in Elliptic Flow Analysis
• p-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV in the Parton-Hadron-String-Dynamics transport approach
• Scaling behavior of anisotropic flow harmonics in the far from equilibrium regime
• Scaling of elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions with the number of constituent quarks in a transport model
• Extraction of shear viscosity in stationary states of relativistic particle systems
• Equation of state at finite baryon density based on lattice QCD
• Thoughts on Non-Perturbative Thermalization and Jet Quenching in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Toward the Semiclassical Theory of the High Energy Heavy Ion Collisions
• Elliptic flow at RHIC: where and when does it formed?
• Thermalization of gluons at RHIC including gg <-> ggg interactions in a parton cascade
• Relativistic hydrodynamical model in the presence of long-range correlations
• Modified Kolmogorov Wave Turbulence in QCD matched onto "Bottom-up" Thermalization
• Flow and non-flow event anisotropies at the SPS
• A thermodynamic approach to the relaxation of viscosity and thermal conductivity
• A method for analysing the jet azimuthal anisotropy in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
• Microscopic description of anisotropic flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Effects of hydrodynamic and initial longitudinal fluctuations on rapidity decorrelation of collective flow
• Traces of non-equilibrium effects, initial condition, bulk dynamics and elementary collisions in the charm observables
• Partonic effects on anisotropic flows at RHIC
• Hydrodynamic scaling from the dynamics of relativistic quantum field theory
• Complications in the interpretation of the charge asymmetry dependent $\pi$ flow for the chiral magnetic wave
• Simulation study of elliptic flow of charged hadrons produced in Au + Au collisions at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
• Fluid velocity from transverse momentum spectra
• Insight from elliptic flow of open charm mesons using quark coalescence model at RHIC and LHC energies
• 1+1 Dimensional Hydrodynamics for High-energy Heavy-ion Collisions
• Viscous Corrections to Spectra, Elliptic Flow, and HBT Radii
• Transverse spectra of hadrons at RHIC
• What Have We Learned from RHIC?
• Hydrodynamic approach to the centrality dependence of di-hadron correlations
• Exact Relativistic Ideal Hydrodynamical Solutions in (1+3)D with Longitudinal and Transverse Flows
• Baryon productions and collective flow of relativistic heavy-ion collisions in the AGS, SPS, RHIC and LHC energy regions($\sqrt{s_{NN}}\le 5$GeV to 5.5 TeV)
• Longitudinal Viscous Hydrodynamic Evolution for the Shattered Colour Glass Condensate
• Meson and baryon elliptic flow at high pT from parton coalescence
• Hydrodynamic Description of Heavy Ion Collisions
• QCD equation of state with Tsallis statistics for heavy-ion collisions
• Diffusion and growth of metal clusters in nanocomposites: a Kinetic Monte Carlo study
• Thermalization component model of multiplicity distributions of charged hadrons at BNL($E_{NN}^{lab}=2-11.6GeV/c$), the CERN($E_{NN}^{lab}=20-200GeV/c$), and the BNL ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}=19.6-200GeV$)
• Evaluating Results from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider with Perturbative QCD and Hydrodynamics
• CGC, Hydrodynamics, and the Parton Energy Loss
• On the peripheral-tube description of the two-particle correlations in nuclear collisions
• Hadron-string cascade versus hydrodynamics in Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV
• Transition to meson-dominated matter at RHIC. Consequences for kaon flow
• On Analytic Solutions of (1+3)D Relativistic Ideal Hydrodynamic Equations
• Hydrodynamic afterburner for the CGC at RHIC
• Elliptic flow of Lambda hyperons in Pb+Pb collisions at 158A GeV
• Production of ${\eta }^{\prime }$ from Thermal Gluon Fusion
• The Quark Gluon Plasma: lattice computations put to experimental test
• Direct Photons in Hydrodynamic Modeling of Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• What are the early degrees of freedom in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions?
• The Instanton Molecule Liquid and "Sticky Molasses" Above T_c
• Exploring Anisotropic flow via the Boltzmann Transport Equation Employing the Tsallis Blast Wave Description at LHC energies
• Illusory Flow in Radiation from Accelerating Charge
• To understand sQGP through non-topological FL model
• Toward the theory of strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma
• qqqbar to qqqbar and qqbarqbar to qqbarqbar Elastic Scatterings and Thermalization of Quark Matter and Antiquark Matter
• Toward large-scale Hybrid Monte Carlo simulations of the Hubbard model on graphics processing units
• Effect of finite volume on thermodynamics of quark-hadron matter
• Anisotropic Flow and Jet Quenching in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Hydrodynamic flow at RHIC
• Strange Particle Production and Elliptic Flow from CERES
• Time dependence of partition into spectators and participants in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Fluctuations driven isotropization of the quark-gluon plasma in heavy ion collisions
• Using the $\varphi$-meson elliptic flow to map the strength of partonic interaction
• Holographic Thermodynamics and Transport of Flavor Fields
• Anisotropic flow of strange particles in heavy ion collisions at RHIC energies
• Relativistic Heavy-Ion Physics: Experimental Overview
• Probing Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=2760$ GeV with spectators
• Important experimental observables at RHIC
• Elliptic flow from partially thermalized heavy-ion collisions
• Quark mass dependence of thermal excitations in QCD in one-loop approximation
• Classical Strongly Coupled QGP: VII. Shear Viscosity and Self Diffusion
• Classical strongly coupled QGP: VI. Structure Factors
• Hadronization Approach for a Quark-Gluon Plasma Formed in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• On heavy-quarkonia suppression by final-state multiple scatterings in most central Au+Au collisions at RHIC
• Experimental Results on p(d)+A Collisions at RHIC and the LHC
• Early thermalization of quark-gluon matter with the elastic scattering of ggq and ggqbar
• Initial fluctuations and power spectrum of flow anisotropies in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Multiplicity and transverse energy of produced gluon in relativistic heavy ion collision
• Collective flow in single-hit QCD kinetic theory
• Elliptic Flow in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
• Anisotropic flow of charged and identified hadrons at FAIR energies and its dependence on the nuclear equation of state
• Numerical Studies of QGP Instabilities and Implications
• Causal hydrodynamic fluctuations in a one-dimensional expanding system
• Hadronic resonance gas and charged particle's $p_T$ spectra and elliptic flow in $\sqrt{s}$=200 GeV Au+Au collisions
• QCD equation of state: Physical quark masses and asymptotic temperatures
• Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Au+Au collisions at $E_{lab}=35\mathrm{A}\mathrm{GeV}$ using the PHSD model
• Anisotropic distribution of nucleon participating in elliptical flow
• Semihard scattering unraveled from collective dynamics at $\sqrt{s}$=17 GeV
• Transport properties of a charged drop in an external electric field
• Early thermalization of quark-gluon matter initially created in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Hotter, Denser, Faster, Smaller...and Nearly-Perfect: What's the matter at RHIC?
• Transport properties of a charged hot spot in an external electromagnetic field
• Early thermalization of quark-gluon matter by elastic 3-to-3 scattering
• What are we learning from RHIC?
• Working Group Report: Heavy-Ion Physics and Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Strange quark collectivity of $\varphi$ meson at RHIC
• Extraction of the Specific Shear Viscosity of Hot Hadron Gas
• HBT radii : Comparative studies on collision systems and beam energies
• Soft Physics from RHIC to LHC
• Overview of recent azimuthal correlation measurements from ALICE
• A Summary of Bulk Dynamics from Quark Matter 2009
• Energy scan by $\varphi$ mesons and threshold energy for the confinement-deconfinement phase transition
• Elliptical Flow in Relativistic Ion Collisions at s^(1/2)= 200 A GeV
• Quantized meson fields in and out of equilibrium. I : Kinetics of meson condensate and quasi-particle excitations
• Parton-hadron matter in- and out-off equilibrium
• Elliptic Flow from Color Glass Condensate
• Quark-Gluon Plasma and Topological Quantum Fields Theory
• Theory Summary
• Plasmon mass scale and quantum fluctuations of classical fields on a real time lattice
• Hydrodynamic model of heavy-ion collisions with low momentum components
• The quest for the quark-gluon plasma from the perspective of dynamical models of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Soft Photons from transport and hydrodynamics at FAIR energies