Particlization in hybrid models

Abstract

In hybrid models, which combine hydrodynamical and transport approaches to describe different stages of heavy-ion collisions, conversion of fluid to individual particles, particlization, is a non-trivial technical problem. We describe in detail how to find the particlization hypersurface in a 3+1 dimensional model, and how to sample the particle distributions evaluated using the Cooper-Frye procedure to create an ensemble of particles as an initial state for the transport stage. We also discuss the role and magnitude of the negative contributions in the Cooper-Frye procedure.

18 pages, 28 figures, EPJA: Topical issue on "Relativistic Hydro- and Thermodynamics"; version accepted for publication, typos and error in Eq.(1) corrected, the purpose of sampling and change from UrQMD to fluid clarified, added discussion why attempts to cancel negative contributions of Cooper-Frye are not applicable here

References in corpus (10)

• 200 A GeV Au+Au collisions serve a nearly perfect quark-gluon liquid
• Fully integrated transport approach to heavy ion reactions with an intermediate hydrodynamic stage
• Space-time evolution of bulk QCD matter
• Effects of initial flow velocity fluctuation in event-by-event (3+1)D hydrodynamics
• Triangular flow in event-by-event ideal hydrodynamics in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200A$ GeV
• Event-by-event hydrodynamics and elliptic flow from fluctuating initial state
• An effective chiral Hadron-Quark Equation of State
• Constraining the initial state granularity with bulk observables in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200$ GeV
• Eccentricity fluctuations in an integrated hybrid approach: Influence on elliptic flow
• Elliptic flow of charged pions, protons and strange particles emitted in Pb+Au collisions at top SPS energy

Cited by in corpus (117)

• The production of photons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Event-by-event fluctuations in perturbative QCD + saturation + hydro model: pinning down QCD matter shear viscosity in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Multi-system Bayesian constraints on the transport coefficients of QCD matter
• Study of Lambda polarization in relativistic nuclear collisions at sqrt{s}_NN = 7.7-200 GeV
• Estimation of the shear viscosity at finite net-baryon density from A+A collision data at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7-200$ GeV
• Initial State Fluctuations and Final State Correlations in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Relativistic hydrodynamics in heavy-ion collisions: general aspects and recent developments
• Effects of bulk viscosity and hadronic rescattering in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC
• Directed flow, a signal for the phase transition in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions?
• Hadronization conditions in relativistic nuclear collisions and the QCD pseudo-critical line
• Heavy quark transport in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC within the UrQMD transport model
• Dynamically integrated transport approach for heavy-ion collisions at high baryon density
• Dynamical net-proton fluctuations near a QCD critical point
• Longitudinal dynamics and particle production in relativistic nuclear collisions
• (3+1)-D viscous hydrodynamics CLVisc at finite net baryon density: identified particle spectra, anisotropic flows and flow fluctuations across BES energies
• Proton number cumulants and correlation functions in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7-200$ GeV from hydrodynamics
• Investigating the collision energy dependence of $\eta$/s in RHIC beam energy scan using Bayesian statistics
• The QCD phase diagram and Beam Energy Scan physics: a theory overview
• Particle production in a hybrid approach for a beam energy scan of Au+Au/Pb+Pb collisions between $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 4.3 GeV and $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 200.0 GeV
• Evolution of elliptic and triangular flow as a function of collision energy in a hybrid model
• Inclusive jet and hadron suppression in a multistage approach
• A machine learning study to identify spinodal clumping in high energy nuclear collisions
• Influence of the hadronic phase on observables in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
• Influence of temperature dependent shear viscosity on elliptic flow at back- and forward rapidities in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Event simulation based on three-fluid hydrodynamics for collisions at energies available at the Dubna Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility and at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Darmstadt
• Particlization with local event-by-event conservation laws
• Deuteron production in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7-200$ GeV via pion catalysis
• Particlization of an interacting hadron resonance gas with global conservation laws for event-by-event fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
• The 3D structure of anisotropic flow in small collision systems at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
• Establishing the Range of Applicability of Hydrodynamics in High-Energy Collisions
• Anisotropic flow in transport+hydrodynamics hybrid approaches
• Pre-hydrodynamic evolution and its signatures in final-state heavy-ion observables
• Effects of $\rho$-meson width on pion distributions in heavy-ion collisions
• Baryon transport and the QCD critical point
• Coalescence, the thermal model and multi-fragmentation: The energy and volume dependence of light nuclei production in heavy ion collisions
• Dynamics of Hot QCD Matter -- Current Status and Developments
• Evolving Charge Correlations in a Hybrid Model with both Hydrodynamics and Hadronic Boltzmann Descriptions
• Effects of local event-by-event conservation laws in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions at the particlization
• Vortex rings from high energy central p+A collisions
• Self-consistent conversion of a viscous fluid to particles
• Probing the transport properties of Quark-Gluon Plasma via heavy-flavor Boltzmann and Langevin dynamics
• Conserved charge fluctuations are not conserved during the hadronic phase
• Initialization of hydrodynamics in relativistic heavy ion collisions with an energy-momentum transport model
• Modified equilibrium distributions for Cooper--Frye particlization
• Anisotropic fluid dynamical simulations of heavy-ion collisions
• Energy dependence of light hypernuclei production in heavy-ion collisions from a coalescence and statistical-thermal model perspective
• Differential HBT Applied to Relativistic Fluid Dynamics
• Exploring the applicability of dissipative fluid dynamics to small systems by comparison to the Boltzmann equation
• The role of proton-antiproton regeneration in the late stages of heavy-ion collisions
• Production of open-charm mesons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Bayesian analysis of (3+1)D relativistic nuclear dynamics with the RHIC beam energy scan data
• The applicability of hydrodynamics in heavy ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$= 2.4-7.7 GeV
• Effect of finite particle number sampling on baryon number fluctuations
• Correlation femtoscopy study at NICA and STAR energies within a viscous hydrodynamic plus cascade model
• $K^{\ast }(892)$ and $\varphi (1020)$ production and their decay into the hadronic medium at the Large Hadron Collider
• Helicity and vorticity in heavy-ion collisions at NICA energies
• Spin dynamics with realistic hydrodynamic background for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Systematic Investigation of Negative Cooper-Frye Contributions in Heavy Ion Collisions Using Coarse-grained Molecular Dynamics
• Statistical analysis of initial state and final state response in heavy-ion collisions
• Particle production and chemical freezeout from the hybrid UrQMD approach at NICA energies
• Multi-scale evolution of charmed particles in a nuclear medium
• Three-fluid Hydrodynamics-based Event Simulator Extended by UrQMD final State interactions (THESEUS) for FAIR-NICA-SPS-BES/RHIC energies
• Different Realizations of Cooper-Frye Sampling with Conservation Laws
• Flow correlations from a hydrodynamics model with dynamical freeze-out and initial conditions based on perturbative QCD and saturation
• Hadron rapidity spectra within a hybrid model
• Understanding the energy dependence of $B_2$ in heavy ion collisions: Interplay of volume and space-momentum correlations
• 3+1 dimensional viscous hydrodynamics at high baryon densities
• Evolution of Charge Fluctuations and Correlations in the Hydrodynamic Stage of Heavy Ion Collisions
• Dynamical freeze-out criterion in a hydrodynamical description of Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200$ GeV and Pb + Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2760$ GeV
• Pre-hydrodynamic evolution in large and small systems
• Accessing the speed of sound in relativistic ultracentral nucleus-nucleus collisions using the mean transverse momentum
• Forced canonical thermalization in a hadronic transport approach at high density
• Temperature dependence of transport coefficients of QCD in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Two-particle correlations at high-energy nuclear collisions, peripheral-tube model revisited
• Effects of the QCD phase transition on hadronic observables in relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of heavy-ion reactions in the FAIR/NICA energy regime
• Vorticity and Polarization in Heavy Ion Collisions: Hydrodynamic Models
• Dissipative corrections to particle spectra and anisotropic flow from a saddle-point approximation to kinetic freeze out
• Suppression of thermal vorticity as an indicator of QCD critical point
• Femtoscopy scales and particle production in the relativistic heavy ion collisions from Au+Au at 200 AGeV to Xe+Xe at 5.44 ATeV within the integrated hydrokinetic model
• Temperature and net baryochemical potential dependence of $\eta /s$ in a hybrid approach
• Temperatures and chemical potentials at kinetic freeze-out in relativistic heavy ion collisions from coarse grained transport simulations
• Particle production at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider within evolutionary model
• Elliptic flow and $R_{AA}$ of D mesons at FAIR comparing the UrQMD hybrid model and the coarse-graining approach
• Direct photon spectrum and elliptic flow produced from Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider within an integrated hydrokinetic model
• A benchmark of initial state models for heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=$ 27 and 62 GeV
• Anisotropic flow decorrelation in heavy-ion collisions with event-by-event viscous hydrodynamics
• Spin Polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons from Dissipative Spin Hydrodynamics
• Pionic Freeze-out Hypersurfaces in Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
• A Gaussian Process Generative Model for QCD Equation of State
• Photon spectra and anisotropic flow in heavy ion collisions at the top RHIC energy within the integrated hydrokinetic model with photon hadronization emission
• Revealing the collision energy dependence of $\eta /s$ in RHIC-BES Au+Au collisions using Bayesian statistics
• Flow harmonics from self-consistent particlization of a viscous fluid
• Beam energy scan using a viscous hydro+cascade model
• Multi-strange hadrons and the precision extraction of QGP properties in the RHIC-BES domain
• The structure of the f_0(980) from system size dependent hadronic resonance ratios in p+p, p+Pb, and Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC
• Evolution of elliptic and triangular flow as a function of beam energy in a hybrid model
• Quark flavor equilibration of the quark-gluon plasma
• Heavy Ion Collision evolution modeling with ECHO-QGP
• Transport-based initial conditions for heavy-ion collisions at finite densities
• Probing Nuclear Geometry through Multi-Particle Azimuthal Correlations and Rapidity-Even Dipolar Flow in ${}^{16}$O+${}^{16}$O Collisions
• Cooper-Frye Negative Contributions in a Coarse-Grained Transport Approach
• The effects of the QCD critical point on the spectra and flow coefficients of hadrons
• Feasibility of measuring the speed of sound of the quark-gluon plasma from the multiplicity and mean $p_T$ of ultracentral heavy-ion collisions
• Hybrid model with viscous relativistic hydrodynamics: a role of constraints on the shear-stress tensor
• Relaxation Time Approximation for a multi-species relativistic gas
• Extension of the integrated hydrokinetic model to nuclear collision energies relevant for the RHIC Beam-Energy Scan program and the research program at GSI-FAIR
• Self-consistent Cooper-Frye freeze-out of a viscous fluid to particles
• Particle spectra in the integrated hydrokinetic model at RHIC Beam-Energy-Scan energies
• Toward a Unified Understanding of the Dense Matter Equation of State
• (3+1)D event-by-event pre-equilibrium dynamics in heavy-ion collisions
• Viscous Gubser flow with conserved charges to benchmark fluid simulations
• Holography in Quark-Gluon Plasma and Neutron Stars
• Flow harmonic correlations via multi-particle symmetric and asymmetric cumulants in Au+Au collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\) = 200 GeV
• What the collective flow excitation function can tell about the quark-gluon plasma
• A modular perspective to the jet suppression from a small to large radius in very high transverse momentum jets
• Effect of various particlization scenarios on anisotropic flow and particle production using UrQMD hybrid model
• An improved formula for Wigner function and spin polarization in a decoupling relativistic fluid at local thermodynamic equilibrium