Particle production in a hybrid approach for a beam energy scan of Au+Au/Pb+Pb collisions between $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 4.3 GeV and $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 200.0 GeV

Abstract

Heavy-ion collisions at varying collision energies provide access to different regions of the QCD phase diagram. In particular collisions at intermediate energies are promising candidates to experimentally identify the postulated first order phase transition and critical end point. While heavy-ion collisions at low and high collision energies are theoretically well described by transport approaches and hydrodynamics+transport hybrid approaches, respectively, intermediate energy collisions remain a challenge. In this work, a modular hybrid approach, the SMASH-vHLLE-hybrid coupling 3+1D viscous hydrodynamics (vHLLE) to hadronic transport (SMASH), is introduced. It is validated and subsequently applied in Au+Au/Pb+Pb collisions between $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 4.3 GeV and $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 200.0 GeV to study the rapidity and transverse mass distributions of identified particles as well as excitation functions for $\mathrm{dN}/\mathrm{d}y{|}_{y=0}$ and $⟨p_{\mathrm{T}}⟩$. A good agreement with experimental measurements is obtained, including the baryon stopping dynamics. The transition from a Gaussian rapidity spectrum of protons at lower energies to the double-hump structure at high energies is reproduced. The centrality and energy dependence of charged particle $v_2$ is also described reasonably well. This work serves as a basis for further studies, e.g. systematic investigations of different equations of state or transport coefficients.

References in corpus (17)

• PYTHIA 6.4 Physics and Manual
• The equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD
• Fully integrated transport approach to heavy ion reactions with an intermediate hydrodynamic stage
• Multi-system Bayesian constraints on the transport coefficients of QCD matter
• Transport Coefficients of Bulk Viscous Pressure in the 14-moment approximation
• Inclusive charged hadron elliptic flow in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 - 39 GeV
• Estimation of the shear viscosity at finite net-baryon density from A+A collision data at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7-200$ GeV
• Running the gamut of high energy nuclear collisions
• An effective chiral Hadron-Quark Equation of State
• Centrality dependence of proton and antiproton spectra in Pb+Pb collisions at 40A GeV and 158A GeV measured at the CERN SPS
• Status of Chemical Freeze-Out
• "Smashing more than two": Deuteron production in relativistic heavy ion collisions via stochastic multi-particle reactions
• Centrality and Energy Dependence of Proton, Light Fragment and Hyperon Production
• Anisotropic flow in transport+hydrodynamics hybrid approaches
• Benchmarking a Non-Equilibrium Approach to Photon Emission in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Forced canonical thermalization in a hadronic transport approach at high density
• Particle Production in AgAg Collisions at $E_{\mathrm{Kin}}=1.58A$ GeV within a Hadronic Transport Approach

Cited by in corpus (24)

• Theoretical and Experimental Constraints for the Equation of State of Dense and Hot Matter
• The QCD phase diagram and Beam Energy Scan physics: a theory overview
• Structure in the speed of sound: from neutron stars to heavy-ion collisions
• Bayesian analysis of (3+1)D relativistic nuclear dynamics with the RHIC beam energy scan data
• Rapidity scan with multistage hydrodynamic and statistical thermal models
• Spin dynamics with realistic hydrodynamic background for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Flow and Equation of State of nuclear matter at ${\mathbf{E}}_{\mathrm{kin}}$/A=0.25-1.5 GeV with the SMASH transport approach
• Light Nuclei Femtoscopy and Baryon Interactions in 3 GeV Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
• Bayesian Model Selection and Uncertainty Propagation for Beam Energy Scan Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Spin Polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons from Dissipative Spin Hydrodynamics
• Elliptic flow of deuterons in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Optimal collision-energy range for realizing macroscopic high-baryon-density matter
• The elliptic flow difference between baryons and anti-baryons in heavy collision with SMASH Model
• Application of the holographic equations of state for modeling experiments on heavy ion collisions
• Exploring hadron-quark phase transition in heavy-ion collisions using particle emission ratios in heavy and light reaction systems
• SMASH as an event generator for heavy-ion collisions
• Transport-based initial conditions for heavy-ion collisions at finite densities
• Collective effects in O-O and Ne-Ne collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$=5.36 TeV from a hybrid approach
• Statistical analysis of the fluctuations of an initial-state model with independently distributed hot spots
• Extension of the integrated hydrokinetic model to nuclear collision energies relevant for the RHIC Beam-Energy Scan program and the research program at GSI-FAIR
• Particle spectra in the integrated hydrokinetic model at RHIC Beam-Energy-Scan energies
• Viscous Gubser flow with conserved charges to benchmark fluid simulations
• The $v_3^{1/3}/v_2^{1/2}$ ratio in PbAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=$ 17.3 GeV: a hint of a hydrodynamic behavior
• An improved formula for Wigner function and spin polarization in a decoupling relativistic fluid at local thermodynamic equilibrium