"Smashing more than two": Deuteron production in relativistic heavy ion collisions via stochastic multi-particle reactions

Abstract

We study the deuteron production via the deuteron pion and nucleon catalysis reactions, $\pi pn\leftrightarrow \pi d$ and $Npn\leftrightarrow Nd$, by employing stochastic multi-particle reactions in the hadronic transport approach SMASH for the first time. This is an improvement compared to previous studies, which introduced an artificial fake resonance $d^{\prime }$ to simulate these $3\leftrightarrow 2$ reactions as a chain of $2\leftrightarrow 2$ reactions. The derivation of the stochastic criterion for multi-particle reactions is presented in a comprehensive fashion and its implementation is tested against an analytic expression for the scattering rate and the equilibrating particle yields in box calculations. We then study Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7$ GeV, where we find that multi-particle collisions substantially reduce the time required for deuterons to reach partial chemical equilibrium with nucleons. Subsequently, the final yield of $d$ is practically independent from the number of $d$ at particlization, confirming the results of previous studies. The mean transverse momentum and the integrated elliptic flow as a function of centrality are rather insensitive to the exact realization of the $2\leftrightarrow 3$ reactions.

14 pages, 10 figures; included text files with the data to reproduce the figures; replaced with published version; additional appendix about grid setup

References in corpus (4)

• A collision geometry-based 3D initial condition for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Beam energy dependence of (anti-)deuteron production in Au+Au collisions at RHIC
• Deuteron production in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7-200$ GeV via pion catalysis
• Overview of light nuclei production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

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