Production characteristics of light (anti-)nuclei from (anti-)nucleon coalescence in heavy ion collisions at energies employed at the RHIC beam energy scan

Abstract

With the kinetic freeze-out nucleons and antinucleons obtained from the quark combination model, we study the production of light nuclei and antinuclei in the (anti-)nucleon coalescence mechanism in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We derive analytic formulas of the momentum distributions of different light nuclei and apply them to compute transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra of (anti-)deuterons ($d$, $\bar{d}$) and (anti-)tritons ($t$, $\bar{t}$) in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 54.4 GeV. We find that the experimental data available for these $p_T$ spectra can be well reproduced. We further study the yields and yield ratios of different light (anti-)nuclei and naturally explain their interesting behaviors as a function of the collision energy. We especially point out that the multi-particle yield ratio $tp/d^2$ should be carefully corrected from hyperon weak decays for protons to probe the production characteristics of light nuclei. All of our results show that the coalescence mechanism for (anti-)nucleons plays a dominant role for the production of light nuclei and antinuclei at the RHIC beam energy scan energies.

arXiv comment14 pages,10 figures

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• Properties of the QCD Matter -- An Experimental Review of Selected Results from RHIC BES Program
• Beam Energy Dependence of Triton Production and Yield Ratio (${\mathrm{N}}_t\times {\mathrm{N}}_p/{\mathrm{N}}_d^2$) in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
• Light-nuclei production in heavy-ion collisions within a thermodynamical approach
• Production characteristics of light nuclei, hypertritons and $\Omega$-hypernuclei in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV