Anisotropic flow in transport+hydrodynamics hybrid approaches

Abstract

This contribution to the focus issue covers anisotropic flow in hybrid approaches. The historical development of hybrid approaches and their impact on the interpretation of flow measurements is reviewed. The major ingredients of a hybrid approach and the transition criteria between transport and hydrodynamics are discussed. The results for anisotropic flow in (event-by-event) hybrid approaches are presented. Some hybrid approaches rely on hadronic transport for the late stages for the reaction (so called afterburner) and others employ transport approaches for the early non equilibrium evolution. In addition, there are 'full' hybrid calculations where a fluid evolution is dynamically embedded in a transport simulation. After demonstrating the success of hybrid approaches at high RHIC and LHC energies, existing hybrid caluclations for collective flow observables at lower beam energies are discussed and remaining challenges outlined.

27 pages, 20 figures, contribution to Focus section: 40 years of collective flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions - the barometer for primordial hot and dense QCD matter, replaced to match published version, minor changes in the text and updated references

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Cited by in corpus (6)

• Event simulation based on three-fluid hydrodynamics for collisions at energies available at the Dubna Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility and at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Darmstadt
• Systematic Investigation of Negative Cooper-Frye Contributions in Heavy Ion Collisions Using Coarse-grained Molecular Dynamics
• Forced canonical thermalization in a hadronic transport approach at high density
• Temperature and net baryochemical potential dependence of $\eta /s$ in a hybrid approach
• Transport-based initial conditions for heavy-ion collisions at finite densities
• Collective effects in O-O and Ne-Ne collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$=5.36 TeV from a hybrid approach