Triangular flow in hydrodynamics and transport theory

Abstract

In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, the Fourier decomposition of the relative azimuthal angle, Δϕ, distribution of particle pairs yields a large cos(3Δϕ) component, extending out to large rapidity separations Δη>1. This component captures a significant portion of the ridge and shoulder structures in the Δϕdistribution, which have been observed after contributions from elliptic flow are subtracted. An average finite triangularity due to event-by-event fluctuations in the initial matter distribution, followed by collective flow, naturally produces a cos(3Δϕ) correlation. Using ideal and viscous hydrodynamics, and transport theory, we study the physics of triangular (v_3) flow in comparison to elliptic (v_2), quadrangular (v_4) and pentagonal (v_5) flow. We make quantitative predictions for v_3 at RHIC and LHC as a function of centrality and transverse momentum. Our results for the centrality dependence of v_3 show a quantitative agreement with data extracted from previous correlation measurements by the STAR collaboration. This study supports previous results on the importance of triangular flow in the understanding of ridge and shoulder structures. Triangular flow is found to be a sensitive probe of initial geometry fluctuations and viscosity.

10 pages, 12 figures. minor changes, and results for $v_5$ added (fig.12)

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Cited by in corpus (12)

• Elliptic and triangular flow in event-by-event (3+1)D viscous hydrodynamics
• Triangularity and Dipole Asymmetry in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Triangular flow in event-by-event ideal hydrodynamics in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200A$ GeV
• Translation of collision geometry fluctuations into momentum anisotropies in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Hadron spectra and elliptic flow for 200 A GeV Au+Au collisions from viscous hydrodynamics coupled to a Boltzmann cascade
• Triangular flow in heavy ion collisions in a multiphase transport model
• The effect of triangular flow on di-hadron azimuthal correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Directed flow at mid-rapidity in event-by-event hydrodynamics
• Initial eccentricity fluctuations and their relation to higher-order flow harmonics
• Constraining the initial state granularity with bulk observables in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200$ GeV
• Heavy Ion Initial Conditions and Correlations Between Higher Moments in the Spatial Anisotropy
• Multiplicity distributions and long range rapidity correlations