Highlights from BNL-RHIC 2011-2013

Abstract

Highlights from Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and experiments at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are presented for the years 2011--2013. This review is a combination of lectures which discussed the latest results each year at a three year celebration of the 50th anniversary of the International School of Subnuclear Physics in Erice, Sicily, Italy. Since the first collisions in the year 2000, RHIC has provided nucleus-nucleus and polarized proton-proton collisions over a range of nucleon-nucleon c.m. energies from 7.7 to 510 GeV with nuclei from deuterium to uranium, most often gold. The objective was the discovery of the Quark Gluon Plasma, which was achieved, and the measurement of its properties, which were much different than expected, namely a `perfect fluid' of quarks and gluons with their color charges exposed rather than a gas. Topics including quenching of light and heavy quarks at large transverse momentum, thermal photons, search for a QCD critical point as well as measurements of collective flow, two-particle correlations and $J/\Psi$ suppression are presented. During this period, results from the first and subsequent heavy ion measurements at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN became available. These confirmed and extended the RHIC discoveries and have led to ideas for new and improved measurements.

49 pages, 45 figures. This review represents a combination of lectures which discussed the latest results each year at a three year celebration of the 50th anniversary of the International School of Subnuclear Physics in Erice, Sicily, Italy

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• Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX collaboration
• Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics
• Final Report of the Muon E821 Anomalous Magnetic Moment Measurement at BNL
• Quark Gluon Plasma an Color Glass Condensate at RHIC? The perspective from the BRAHMS experiment
• The PHOBOS Perspective on Discoveries at RHIC
• Suppression of Hadrons with Large Transverse Momentum in Central Au+Au Collisions at $sqrt {s sub {sub {NN}}}_ = 130 GeV
• Observation of a Centrality-Dependent Dijet Asymmetry in Lead-Lead Collisions at sqrt(S(NN))= 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS Detector at the LHC
• Observation of long-range near-side angular correlations in proton-lead collisions at the LHC
• Observation and studies of jet quenching in PbPb collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy = 2.76 TeV
• The Effect of Shear Viscosity on Spectra, Elliptic Flow, and HBT Radii
• Centrality dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV
• Energy Loss and Flow of Heavy Quarks in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Energy loss in perturbative QCD
• (Non)Thermal Aspects of Charmonium Production and a New Look at J/$\psi$ Suppression
• Suppression of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in central Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV
• Enhanced J/Psi Production in Deconfined Quark Matter
• J/psi Production vs Centrality, Transverse Momentum, and Rapidity in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• On the Strongly-Interacting Low-Viscosity Matter Created in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Fluctuation Probes of Quark Deconfinement
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• Scaling properties of azimuthal anisotropy in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Triangular flow in hydrodynamics and transport theory
• Higher Moments of Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
• A new measurement of J/psi suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon
• Dihadron azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV
• Long range rapidity correlations and jet production in high energy nuclear collisions
• Quadrupole Anisotropy in Dihadron Azimuthal Correlations in Central $d$$+$Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}$=200 GeV
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• Heavy Quark Production in p+p and Energy Loss and Flow of Heavy Quarks in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV
• Jet momentum dependence of jet quenching in PbPb collisions at sqrt(sNN)=2.76 TeV
• Confinement of antihydrogen for 1000 seconds
• Has the QCD Critical Point been Signaled by Observations at RHIC ?
• Prospects for Spin Physics at RHIC
• Centrality Dependence of Direct Photon Production in sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV Au+Au Collisions
• Systematic Studies of the Centrality and sqrt(s_NN) Dependence of dE_T/deta and dN_ch/deta in Heavy Ion Collisions at Mid-rapidity
• Suppression of high transverse momentum D mesons in central Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV
• Anisotropic flow
• Observation of direct-photon collective flow in sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV Au+Au collisions
• Topology studies of hydrodynamics using two particle correlation analysis
• Statistical hadronization of heavy quarks in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus
• Elliptic Flow and HBT in non-central Nuclear Collisions
• Flow systematics from SIS to SPS energies
• Neutral pion production with respect to centrality and reaction plane in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV
• Spectra and ratios of identified particles in Au+Au and d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV
• Recent results in relativistic heavy ion collisions: from ``a new state of matter'' to "the perfect fluid"
• Transverse Momentum Spectra of J/ψin Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Report from NA49
• STAR experiment results from the beam energy scan program at RHIC
• Momentum spectra of charmonium produced in a quark-gluon plasma
• A Detailed Study of High-pT Neutral Pion Suppression and Azimuthal Anisotropy in Au+Au Collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV
• Scaling of Charged Particle Production in d+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Charged-Particle Pseudorapidity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=62.4 GeV
• Ground and excited charmonium state production in p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV
• J/$\psi$ production at high transverse momenta in p+p and Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_{NN}) = 200 GeV
• Transition from Baryonic to Mesonic Freeze-Out
• Jet Properties from Dihadron Correlations in p+p Collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV
• Super-horizon fluctuations and acoustic oscillations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Nucleon participants or quark participants?
• Transverse momentum and centrality dependence of dihadron correlations in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV: Jet-quenching and the response of partonic matter
• Trends in Yield and Azimuthal Shape Modification in Dihadron Correlations in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• System Size and Energy Dependence of Jet-Induced Hadron Pair Correlation Shapes in Cu+Cu and Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 and 62.4 GeV
• Direct photon production in d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV
• Direct-Photon Production in p+p Collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV at Midrapidity
• Medium modification of jet fragmentation in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV measured in direct photon-hadron correlations
• Evolution of pi^0 suppression in Au+Au collisions from sqrt(s_NN) = 39 to 200 GeV
• Identified Hadron Production from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan
• High p_T Direct Photon and pi^0 Triggered Azimuthal Jet Correlations in sqrt(s)=200 GeV p+p Collisions
• The RHIC Beam Energy Scan Program: Results from the PHENIX Experiment
• The role of elliptic flow correlations in the discovery of the sQGP at RHIC
• First Study of the Negative Binomial Distribution Applied to Higher Moments of Net-charge and Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions
• NA49/NA61: results and plans on beam energy and system size scan at the CERN SPS
• Searching for the QCD Critical Point Using Particle Ratio Fluctuations and Higher Moments of Multiplicity Distributions
• Event anisotropy of identified ${\pi }^0$, photon and electron compared to charged $\pi$, $K$, $p$ and deuteron in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV Au+Au at PHENIX
• Jets in Nuclear Collisions: Status and Perspective
• Charged Particle Multiplicities in A+A and p+p Collisions in the Constituent Quarks Framework
• Centrality Dependence of $J/\psi$ Production in Au+Au and Cu+Cu Collisions by the PHENIX Experiment at RHIC
• Multiplicity distributions for jet parton showers in a medium
• Scaling Properties of Fluctuation and Correlation Results from PHENIX
• Probing Hot and Dense Matter with Charm and Bottom Measurements with PHENIX VTX Tracker
• Results from PHENIX at RHIC with Implications for LHC
• Results from RHIC with Implications for LHC

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