Event-shape fluctuations and flow correlations in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

I review recent measurements of a large set of flow observables associated with event-shape fluctuations and collective expansion in heavy ion collisions. First, these flow observables are classified and experiment methods are introduced. The experimental results for each type of observables are then presented and compared to theoretical calculations. A coherent picture of initial condition and collective flow based on linear and non-linear hydrodynamic responses is derived, which qualitatively describe most experimental results. I discuss new types of fluctuation measurements that can further our understanding of the event-shape fluctuations and collective expansion dynamics.

29 pages, 20 figures, invited review for J. Phys. G Focus Issue on "Collective flow and transport phenomena in heavy ion physics" Edited by Takeshi Kodama, Nu Xu and Horst Stoecker

References in corpus (13)

• Triangularity and Dipole Asymmetry in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Triangular flow in hydrodynamics and transport theory
• Effects of initial flow velocity fluctuation in event-by-event (3+1)D hydrodynamics
• Elliptic flow in the Gaussian model of eccentricity fluctuations
• Breaking of factorization of two-particle correlations in hydrodynamics
• Holographic thermalization with radial flow
• Forward-backward eccentricity and participant-plane angle fluctuations and their influences on longitudinal dynamics of collective flow
• Collective phenomena in non-central nuclear collisions
• Eccentricity distributions in nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Eccentricity fluctuations and its possible effect on elliptic flow measurements
• Statistics of initial density perturbations in heavy ion collisions and their fluid dynamic response
• Collective Expansion at the LHC: selected ALICE anisotropic flow measurements
• Effect of initial-state nucleon-nucleon correlations on collective flow in ultra-central heavy-ion collisions

Cited by in corpus (21)

• $v_4$, $v_5$, $v_6$, $v_7$: nonlinear hydrodynamic response versus LHC data
• Characterizing flow fluctuations with moments
• Multi-particle and charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider
• New constraints for QCD matter from improved Bayesian parameter estimation in heavy-ion collisions at LHC
• Hydrodynamic Predictions for Mixed Harmonic Correlations in 200 GeV Au+Au Collisions
• Collective flow in event-by-event partonic transport plus hydrodynamics hybrid approach
• Hydrodynamic flow amplitude correlations in event-by-event fluctuating heavy-ion collisions
• Reaction plane alignment with linearly polarized photon in heavy-ion collisions
• Imaging nuclear shape through anisotropic and radial flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Collective Expansion at the LHC: selected ALICE anisotropic flow measurements
• Exploring the properties of the phases of QCD matter - research opportunities and priorities for the next decade
• Event-plane dependent di-hadron correlations with harmonic $v_n$ subtraction in a hydrodynamic model
• Collective flow and hydrodynamics in large and small systems at the LHC
• Symmetry plane correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV
• Decorrelation of participant and spectator angular momenta in heavy-ion collisions
• The Fox-Wolfram Moment of Jet Production in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• First measurement of symmetric cumulants of hexagonal flow harmonics in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Event-shape dependence of symmetry plane correlations using the Gaussian estimator in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC using a multiphase transport model
• Fluctuations in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Collective phenomena in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Effect of transverse momentum conservation and flow on symmetric cumulants $s{c}_{2,3}\left\{4\right\}$ and $s{c}_{2,3,4}\left\{6\right\}$