Strongly Correlated Quantum Fluids: Ultracold Quantum Gases, Quantum Chromodynamic Plasmas, and Holographic Duality

Abstract

Strongly correlated quantum fluids are phases of matter that are intrinsically quantum mechanical, and that do not have a simple description in terms of weakly interacting quasi-particles. Two systems that have recently attracted a great deal of interest are the quark-gluon plasma, a plasma of strongly interacting quarks and gluons produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions, and ultracold atomic Fermi gases, very dilute clouds of atomic gases confined in optical or magnetic traps. These systems differ by more than 20 orders of magnitude in temperature, but they were shown to exhibit very similar hydrodynamic flow. In particular, both fluids exhibit a robustly low shear viscosity to entropy density ratio which is characteristic of quantum fluids described by holographic duality, a mapping from strongly correlated quantum field theories to weakly curved higher dimensional classical gravity. This review explores the connection between these fields, and it also serves as an introduction to the Focus Issue of New Journal of Physics on Strongly Correlated Quantum Fluids: from Ultracold Quantum Gases to QCD Plasmas. The presentation is made accessible to the general physics reader and includes discussions of the latest research developments in all three areas.

138 pages, 25 figures, review associated with New Journal of Physics special issue "Focus on Strongly Correlated Quantum Fluids: from Ultracold Quantum Gases to QCD Plasmas" (http://iopscience.iop.org/1367-2630/focus/Focus%20on%20Strongly%20Correlated%20Quantum%20Fluids%20-%20from%20Ultracold%20Quantum%20Gases%20to%20QCD%20Plasmas)

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• Universal Conductivity in a Two-Dimensional Superfluid-to-Insulator Quantum Critical System
• Realization of chiral symmetry breaking and restoration in holographic QCD
• Observation of quantum-limited spin transport in strongly interacting two-dimensional Fermi gases
• Holographic compact stars meet gravitational wave constraints
• Shear viscosity in holography and effective theory of transport without translational symmetry
• Chiral Phase Transition in the Soft-Wall Model of AdS/QCD
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• Quarkyonic phase from quenched dynamical holographic QCD model
• Chiral and Deconfining Phase Transitions from Holographic QCD Study
• B-modes and the Nature of Inflation
• Pseudogaps in strongly interacting Fermi gases
• Anomalous minimum in the shear viscosity of a Fermi gas
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• Viscosity spectral functions of resonating fermions in the quantum virial expansion
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