Spectroscopic evidence for engineered hadron formation in repulsive fermionic $\text{SU}(N)$ Hubbard Models

Abstract

Particle formation represents a central theme in various branches of physics, often associated to confinement. Here we show that dynamical hadron formation can be spectroscopically detected in an ultracold atomic setting within the most paradigmatic and simplest model of condensed matter physics, the repulsive $\text{SU}(N)$ Hubbard model. By starting from an appropriately engineered initial state of the $\text{SU}(3)$ Hubbard model, not only mesons (doublons) but also baryons (trions) are naturally generated during the time evolution. In the strongly interacting limit, baryons become heavy and attract each other strongly, and their residual interaction with mesons generates meson diffusion, as captured by the evolution of the equal time density correlation function. Hadrons remain present in the long time limit, while the system thermalizes to a negative temperature state. Our conclusions extend to a large variety of initial conditions, all spatial dimensions, and for SU($N>2$) Hubbard models.

arXiv comment7 pages, 5 figures

References in corpus (78)

• Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases
• Thermalization and its mechanism for generic isolated quantum systems
• Many body localization and thermalization in quantum statistical mechanics
• Theory of ultracold Fermi gases
• Efficient simulation of one-dimensional quantum many-body systems
• Entanglement entropy and conformal field theory
• Color superconductivity in dense quark matter
• Condensation of Pairs of Fermionic Atoms Near a Feshbach Resonance
• QCD at Finite Baryon Density: Nucleon Droplets and Color Superconductivity
• The Infrared Behavior of QCD Green's Functions - Confinement, Dynamical Symmetry Breaking, and Hadrons as Relativistic Bound States
• Unbounded growth of entanglement in models of many-body localization
• Probing the relaxation towards equilibrium in an isolated strongly correlated 1D Bose gas
• Cold atoms in cavity-generated dynamical optical potentials
• Classical simulation of infinite-size quantum lattice systems in one spatial dimension
• Observation of the Pairing Gap in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
• Experimental realization of a long-range antiferromagnet in the Hubbard model with ultracold atoms
• Two-orbital SU(N) magnetism with ultracold alkaline-earth atoms
• Metallic and Insulating Phases of Repulsively Interacting Fermions in a 3D Optical Lattice
• Dynamical quantum phase transitions: a review
• Repulsively bound atom pairs in an optical lattice
• Measuring out-of-time-order correlations and multiple quantum spectra in a trapped ion quantum magnet
• Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis
• Color Superconductivity and Chiral Symmetry Restoration at Nonzero Baryon Density and Temperature
• Fermi gases in one dimension: From Bethe Ansatz to experiments
• Probing many-body states of ultra-cold atoms via noise correlations
• Fermi-Hubbard physics with atoms in an optical lattice
• Spin and Charge Resolved Quantum Gas Microscopy of Antiferromagnetic Order in Hubbard Chains
• Non-standard Hubbard models in optical lattices: a review
• Spectroscopic observation of SU(N)-symmetric interactions in Sr orbital magnetism
• Observation of two-orbital spin-exchange interactions with ultracold SU(N)-symmetric fermions
• An SU(N) Mott insulator of an atomic Fermi gas realized by large-spin Pomeranchuk cooling
• Real time confinement following a quantum quench to a non-integrable model
• Ultracold Fermi Gases with Emergent SU(N) Symmetry
• Universality in Three- and Four-Body Bound States of Ultracold Atoms
• Degenerate Fermi Gases of Ytterbium
• Ultracold fermions and the SU(N) Hubbard model
• Hydrodynamics of operator spreading and quasiparticle diffusion in interacting integrable systems
• Realization of SU(2)*SU(6) Fermi System
• Three-body recombination in a three-state Fermi gas with widely tunable interactions
• Negative Absolute Temperature for Motional Degrees of Freedom
• Observation of Elastic Doublon Decay in the Fermi-Hubbard Model
• Universal few-body physics and cluster formation
• Atomic three-body loss as a dynamical three-body interaction
• Kardar-Parisi-Zhang physics in the quantum Heisenberg magnet
• Quantum gas microscopy of Kardar-Parisi-Zhang superdiffusion
• Prethermalization and universal dynamics in near-integrable quantum systems
• Strongly Correlated Quantum Fluids: Ultracold Quantum Gases, Quantum Chromodynamic Plasmas, and Holographic Duality
• QCD thermalization: Ab initio approaches and interdisciplinary connections
• Color Superfluidity and "Baryon" Formation in Ultracold Fermions
• Many-body localization dynamics from gauge invariance
• Spin-orbital quantum liquid on the honeycomb lattice
• Direct probing of the Mott crossover in the SU($N$) Fermi-Hubbard model
• The entanglement membrane in chaotic many-body systems
• Observing emergent hydrodynamics in a long-range quantum magnet
• Observation of antiferromagnetic correlations in an ultracold SU($N$) Hubbard model
• Equilibration rates and negative absolute temperatures for ultracold atoms in optical lattices
• Thermodynamics of a deeply degenerate SU($N$)-symmetric Fermi gas
• Spin crossovers and superdiffusion in the one-dimensional Hubbard model
• Scattering of mesons in quantum simulators
• Superfluidity in a Three-flavor Fermi Gas with SU(3) Symmetry
• Prethermalization in one-dimensional quantum many-body systems with confinement
• Realizing discontinuous quantum phase transitions in a strongly-correlated driven optical lattice
• Mott transition and dimerization in the one-dimensional SU$(n)$ Hubbard model
• Universal thermodynamics of an SU($N$) Fermi-Hubbard Model
• Dynamical hadron formation in long-range interacting quantum spin chains
• Multi-particle quantum walks and Fisher information in one-dimensional lattices
• Suppression of Unitary Three-body Loss in a Degenerate Bose-Fermi Mixture
• Quantum Quench and Charge Oscillations in the SU(3) Hubbard Model: a Test of Time Evolving Block Decimation with general non-Abelian Symmetries
• Resonant dynamics of strongly interacting SU($n$) fermionic atoms in a synthetic flux ladder
• Probe for bound states of SU(3) fermions and colour deconfinement
• Exact ground states and correlation functions of chain and ladder models of interacting hardcore bosons or spinless fermions
• Engineering infinite-range SU($n$) interactions with spin-orbit-coupled fermions in an optical lattice
• Confinement induced impurity states in spin chains
• Suppression and Control of Pre-thermalization in Multi-component Fermi Gases Following a Quantum Quench
• Color-charge separation in trapped SU(3) fermionic atoms
• Mean-field dynamics to negative absolute temperatures in the Bose-Hubbard model
• Dynamically induced doublon repulsion in the Fermi-Hubbard model probed by a single-particle density of states
• Bounding the finite-size error of quantum many-body dynamics simulations

Cited by in corpus (3)

• Equation of State and Thermometry of the 2D SU($N$) Fermi-Hubbard Model
• Many-body Physics of Ultracold Alkaline-Earth atoms with SU($N$)-symmetric interactions
• Confinement and false vacuum decay on the Potts quantum spin chain