Color Superfluidity and "Baryon" Formation in Ultracold Fermions

Abstract

We study fermionic atoms of three different internal quantum states (colors) in an optical lattice, which are interacting through attractive on site interactions, U<0. Using a variational calculation for equal color densities and small couplings, |U| < |U_C|, a color superfluid state emerges with a tendency to domain formation. For |U| > |U_C|, triplets of atoms with different colors form singlet fermions (trions). These phases are the analogies of the color superconducting and baryonic phases in QCD. In ultracold fermions, this transition is found to be of second order. Our results demonstrate that quantum simulations with ultracold gases may shed light on outstanding problems in quantum field theory.

4 PRL pages, 1 figure

References in corpus (7)

• Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms
• Crossover from a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate to a degenerate Fermi gas
• Observation of Phase Separation in a Strongly-Interacting Imbalanced Fermi Gas
• Evidence for Superfluidity of Ultracold Fermions in an Optical Lattice
• Ultracold fermions and the SU(N) Hubbard model
• Spectroscopy of ultracold atoms by periodic lattice modulations
• BCS pairing in Fermi systems with several flavors

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