Collective excitations in two-dimensional SU($N$) Fermi gases with tunable spin

Abstract

We measure collective excitations of a harmonically trapped two-dimensional (2D) SU($N$) Fermi gas of ${}^{173}$Yb confined to a stack of layers formed by a one-dimensional optical lattice. Quadrupole and breathing modes are excited and monitored in the collisionless regime $|\ln (k_F{a}_{2D})|\gg 1$ with tunable spin. We observe that the quadrupole mode frequency decreases with increasing number of spin components due to the amplification of the interaction effect by $N$ in agreement with a theoretical prediction based on 2D kinetic equations. The breathing mode frequency, however, is measured to be twice the dipole oscillation frequency regardless of $N$. We also follow the evolution of collective excitations in the dimensional crossover from two to three dimensions and characterize the damping rate of quadrupole and breathing modes for tunable SU($N$) fermions, both of which reveal the enhanced inter-particle collisions for larger spin. Our result paves the way to investigate the collective property of 2D SU($N$) Fermi liquid with enlarged spin.

arXiv comment7 pages, 4 figures

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• Hydrodynamic equations for a U(N) invariant superfluid
• Heuristic machinery for thermodynamic studies of SU(N) fermions with neural networks