Evidence for Bosonization in a three-dimensional gas of SU($N$) fermions

Abstract

Blurring the boundary between bosons and fermions lies at the heart of a wide range of intriguing quantum phenomena in multiple disciplines, ranging from condensed matter physics and atomic, molecular and optical physics to high energy physics. One such example is a multi-component Fermi gas with SU($N$) symmetry that is expected to behave like spinless bosons in the large $N$ limit, where the large number of internal states weakens constraints from the Pauli exclusion principle. However, bosonization in SU($N$) fermions has never been established in high dimensions where exact solutions are absent. Here, we report direct evidence for bosonization in a SU($N$) fermionic ytterbium gas with tunable $N$ in three dimensions (3D). We measure contacts, the central quantity controlling dilute quantum gases, from the momentum distribution, and find that the contact per spin approaches a constant with a 1/$N$ scaling in the low fugacity regime consistent with our theoretical prediction. This scaling signifies the vanishing role of the fermionic statistics in thermodynamics, and allows us to verify bosonization through measuring a single physical quantity. Our work delivers a highly controllable quantum simulator to exchange the bosonic and fermionic statistics through tuning the internal degrees of freedom in any generic dimensions. It also suggests a new route towards exploring multi-component quantum systems and their underlying symmetries with contacts.

arXiv comment12 pages, 9 figures

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• Thermodynamics of a deeply degenerate SU($N$)-symmetric Fermi gas
• Optimal Generators for Quantum Sensing
• Interorbital Interactions in an SU(2)xSU(6)-Symmetric Fermi-Fermi Mixture
• Many-body Physics of Ultracold Alkaline-Earth atoms with SU($N$)-symmetric interactions
• SU(N) magnetism with ultracold molecules
• Condensation of Cooper Triples
• Resonant dynamics of strongly interacting SU($n$) fermionic atoms in a synthetic flux ladder
• Engineering infinite-range SU($n$) interactions with spin-orbit-coupled fermions in an optical lattice
• Observation of $1/k^4$-tails after expansion of Bose-Einstein Condensates with impurities
• Trion states and quantum criticality of attractive SU(3) Dirac fermions
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• Universal relations for hybridized $s$- and $p$-wave interactions from spin-orbital coupling
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• The algebraic spin liquid in the SU(6) Heisenberg model on the kagome lattice
• Hydrodynamic equations for a U(N) invariant superfluid
• Possible condensation of Cooper triples