Universality in Three- and Four-Body Bound States of Ultracold Atoms

Abstract

Under certain circumstances, three or more interacting particles may form bound states. While the general few-body problem is not analytically solvable, the so-called Efimov trimers appear for a system of three particles with resonant two-body interactions. The binding energies of these trimers are predicted to be universally connected to each other, independent of the microscopic details of the interaction. By exploiting a Feshbach resonance to widely tune the interactions between trapped ultracold lithium atoms, we find evidence for two universally connected Efimov trimers and their associated four-body bound states. A total of eleven precisely determined three- and four-body features are found in the inelastic loss spectrum. Their relative locations on either side of the resonance agree well with universal theory, while a systematic deviation from universality is found when comparing features across the resonance.

16 pages including figures and Supplementary Online Material

References in corpus (12)

• Observation of an Efimov spectrum in an atomic system
• Collisional stability of a three-component degenerate Fermi gas
• Three-body recombination in a three-state Fermi gas with widely tunable interactions
• Three-body recombination at large scattering lengths in an ultracold atomic gas
• Observation of universality in ultracold 7Li three-body recombination
• Observation of an Efimov-like resonance in ultracold atom-dimer scattering
• Evidence for Universal Four-Body States Tied to an Efimov Trimer
• Universal Properties of the Four-Body System with Large Scattering Length
• Observation of heteronuclear atomic Efimov resonances
• Limits on Universality in Ultracold Three-Boson Recombination
• Energetics and structural properties of three-dimensional bosonic clusters near threshold
• Efimov Trimer Formation via Ultracold Four-body Recombination

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