Observation of the Efimovian Expansion in Scale Invariant Fermi Gases

Abstract

Scale invariance emerges and plays an important role in strongly correlated many-body systems such as critical regimes nearby phase transitions and the unitary Fermi gases. Discrete scaling symmetry also manifests itself in quantum few-body systems such as the Efimov effect. Here we report both theoretical predication and experimental observation of a novel type expansion dynamics for scale invariant quantum gases. When the frequency of the harmonic trap holding the gas decreases continuously as the inverse of time $t$, surprisingly, the expansion of cloud size exhibits a sequence of plateaus. Remarkably, the locations of these plateaus obey a discrete geometric scaling law with a controllable scale factor and the entire expansion dynamics is governed by a log-periodic function. This striking expansion of quantum Fermi gases shares similar scaling laws and same mathematical description as the Efimov effect. Our work demonstrates the first expansion dynamics of a quantum many-body system with the temporal discrete scaling symmetry, which reveals the underlying spatial continuous scaling symmetry of the many-body system.

5 pages, 5 figures, with 6 pages supplemental material

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• Observation of Dynamical Super Efimovian Expansion in a Unitary Fermi Gas
• Nonadiabatic energy fluctuations of scale-invariant quantum systems in a time-dependent trap
• Maximum Energy Growth Rate in Dilute Quantum Gases
• Dynamics of strongly interacting Fermi gases with time-dependent interactions: Consequence of conformal symmetry
• Quantum Dynamics of Cold Atomic Gas with $SU(1,1)$ Symmetry
• Dimensional crossover for universal scaling far from equilibrium
• Efimov effect in non-integer dimensions induced by an external field
• The breaking of continuous scale invariance to discrete scale invariance: a universal quantum phase transition
• One-dimensional Bose gas driven by a slow time-dependent harmonic trap
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• Dynamics of small trapped one-dimensional Fermi gas under oscillating magnetic fields
• Three-body continuum states and Efimov physics in non-integer geometry
• Dynamic virial theorem at nonequilibrium and applications
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