Dynamic virial theorem at nonequilibrium and applications
arXiv:2205.11731 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.107.013308
Abstract
We show that a variety of nonequilibrium dynamics of interacting many-body systems are universally characterized by an elegant relation, which we call the dynamic virial theorem. The out-of-equilibrium dynamics of quantum correlations is entirely governed by Tan\textquoteright s contact. It gives rise to a series of observable consequences and is closely related to experiments with ultracold atoms. Especially, we show that the dynamic virial theorem provides an experimentally accessible verification of maximum energy growth theorem [Qi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 240401 (2021)], which is encoded in the evolution of the atomic cloud size during expansion. In addition, the dynamic virial theorem leads to a simple thermodynamic relation of strongly interacting quantum gases in the framework of two-fluid hydrodynamic theory, which holds in a wide range of temperature. This thermodynamic relation is a kind of the out-of-equilibrium analog of Tan's pressure relation at equilibrium. Our results provide fundamental understanding of generic behaviors of interacting many-body systems at nonequilibrium, and are readily examined in experiments with ultracold atoms.
10 pages,2 figures
References in corpus (16)
- Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases
- Theory of ultracold Fermi gases
- Weakly bound dimers of fermionic atoms
- Generalized Virial Theorem and Pressure Relation for a strongly correlated Fermi gas
- Ultracold atoms out of equilibrium
- Virial expansion for a strongly correlated Fermi gas
- Collective modes and ballistic expansion of a Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover
- Two and Three-body Contacts in the Unitary Bose Gas
- Universal Scaling Laws in the Dynamics of a Homogeneous Unitary Bose Gas
- Dynamical symmetry and breathers in a two-dimensional Bose gas
- Breathing mode of two-dimensional atomic Fermi gases in harmonic traps
- Large-momentum distribution of a polarized Fermi gas and p-wave contacts
- Expansion of harmonically trapped interacting particles and time dependence of the contact
- Dynamics of a Fermi gas quenched to unitarity
- Maximum Energy Growth Rate in Dilute Quantum Gases
- Dynamics of strongly interacting Fermi gases with time-dependent interactions: Consequence of conformal symmetry