Negative Absolute Temperature for Motional Degrees of Freedom

Abstract

Absolute temperature, the fundamental temperature scale in thermodynamics, is usually bound to be positive. Under special conditions, however, negative temperatures - where high-energy states are more occupied than low-energy states - are also possible. So far, such states have been demonstrated in localized systems with finite, discrete spectra. Here, we were able to prepare a negative temperature state for motional degrees of freedom. By tailoring the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian we created an attractively interacting ensemble of ultracold bosons at negative temperature that is stable against collapse for arbitrary atom numbers. The quasi-momentum distribution develops sharp peaks at the upper band edge, revealing thermal equilibrium and bosonic coherence over several lattice sites. Negative temperatures imply negative pressures and open up new parameter regimes for cold atoms, enabling fundamentally new many-body states and counterintuitive effects such as Carnot engines above unity efficiency.

arXiv comment5 pages, 4 figures + supplementary material

References in corpus (24)

• Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases
• Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms
• Cold bosonic atoms in optical lattices
• Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe
• Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Crossover in a Trapped Atomic Gas
• Dynamics of collapsing and exploding Bose-Einstein condensates
• Bose-Einstein condensation in quasi2D trapped gases
• Realization of an Excited, Strongly-Correlated Quantum Gas Phase
• Ultracold Atoms in a Tunable Optical Kagome Lattice
• Fermionic transport in a homogeneous Hubbard model: Out-of-equilibrium dynamics with ultracold atoms
• Observation of an Efimov spectrum in an atomic system
• Monte Carlo study of two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model
• Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Harmonic Potential
• Spin gradient demagnetization cooling of ultracold atoms
• Dynamical band flipping in fermionic lattice systems: An ac-field-driven change of the interaction from repulsive to attractive
• Intermittent implosion and pattern formation of trapped Bose-Einstein condensates with attractive interaction
• Expansion of a quantum gas released from an optical lattice
• Observation of Strong Quantum Depletion in a Gaseous Bose-Einstein Condensate
• Equilibration rates and negative absolute temperatures for ultracold atoms in optical lattices
• Cosmic structures via Bose Einstein condensation and its collapse
• Multi-band spectroscopy of ultracold fermions: Observation of reduced tunneling in attractive Bose-Fermi mixtures
• Preparation and spectroscopy of a metastable Mott insulator state with attractive interactions
• Atomic Gases at Negative Kinetic Temperature
• Quantum Simulators at Negative Absolute Temperatures

Cited by in corpus (141)

• Nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory and its applications
• Quench dynamics and relaxation in isolated integrable quantum spin chains
• Scrambling and thermalization in a diffusive quantum many-body system
• Emergence of coherence and the dynamics of quantum phase transitions
• Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Strong Synthetic Magnetic Field
• Order from chaos: Observation of large-scale flow from turbulence in a two-dimensional superfluid
• Temperature in and out of equilibrium: a review of concepts, tools and attempts
• Thermodynamic theory of highly multimoded nonlinear optical systems
• Inconsistent thermostatistics and negative absolute temperatures
• Subdiffusion and heat transport in a tilted 2D Fermi-Hubbard system
• Efficiency of a quantum Otto heat engine operating under a reservoir at effective negative temperatures
• Classical Discrete Time Crystals
• Emergence of order from turbulence in an isolated planar superfluid
• Observation of Dynamical Quantum Phase Transition with Correspondence in Excited State Phase Diagram
• Gibbs, Boltzmann, and negative temperatures
• Quantum Engines and Refrigerators
• Dynamical Quasicondensation of Hard-Core Bosons at Finite Momenta
• Black holes in the presence of dark energy
• Dynamical sign reversal of magnetic correlations in dissipative Hubbard models
• Effective three-body interactions via photon-assisted tunneling in an optical lattice
• Thermodynamic conditions governing the optical temperature and chemical potential in nonlinear highly multimoded photonic systems
• Statistical Mechanics of Systems with Negative Temperature
• Driven dissipative dynamics and topology of quantum impurity systems
• Gravitinos Tunneling From Traversable Lorentzian Wormholes
• Consistent description of fluctuations requires negative temperatures
• On the dispute between Boltzmann and Gibbs entropy
• Many-body localization of bosons in optical lattice: Dynamics in disorder-free potentials
• Bargaining with entropy and energy
• Observation of light thermalization to negative temperature Rayleigh-Jeans equilibrium states in multimode optical fibers
• Negative temperatures and the definition of entropy
• System-size scaling of Boltzmann and alternate Gibbs entropies
• Quantum systems correlated with a finite bath: nonequilibrium dynamics and thermodynamics
• Observation of the Sign Reversal of the Magnetic Correlation in a Driven-Dissipative Fermi Gas in Double Wells
• Local temperature of an interacting quantum system far from equilibrium
• On the Fluctuation-Dissipation Relation in non-equilibrium and non-Hamiltonian systems
• Universe Models with Negative Bulk Viscosity
• Feedback-cooling of an atomic spin ensemble
• Dynamically generated flat-band phases in optical kagome lattices
• Quantum Shock Waves and Population Inversion in Collisions of Ultracold Atomic Clouds
• Back-action-free quantum optomechanics with negative-mass Bose-Einstein condensates
• Theory of the vortex-clustering transition in a confined two-dimensional quantum fluid
• Isotropic-Nematic Phase Transitions in Gravitational Systems
• Inexistence of equilibrium states at absolute negative temperatures
• Pinpointing Feshbach Resonances and Testing Efimov Universalities in ${}^{39}$K
• In defence of negative temperature
• Liouvillian spectral collapse in the Scully-Lamb laser model
• Einstein-Bose condensation of Onsager vortices
• Phase transitions at high energy vindicate negative microcanonical temperature
• Statistical mechanics of systems with long-range interactions and negative absolute temperature
• Preparation of Low Entropy Correlated Many-body States via Conformal Cooling Quenches
• Isotropic-Nematic Phase Transitions in Gravitational Systems II: Higher Order Multipoles
• Reservoir engineering with arbitrary temperatures for spin systems and quantum thermal machine with maximum efficiency
• Entropic thermodynamics of nonlinear photonic chain networks
• About thermometers and temperature
• Quantum Hertz entropy increase in a quenched spin chain
• The Role of Data in Model Building and Prediction: A Survey Through Examples
• Hyperfine constants and line separations for the ${}^1{S}_0-{}^3{P}_1$ intercombination line in neutral ytterbium with sub-Doppler resolution
• Langevin equation in systems with also negative temperatures
• Optimal Control of Effective Hamiltonians
• Topological Approach to Microcanonical Thermodynamics and Phase Transition of Interacting Classical Spins
• Topology of a dissipative spin: dynamical Chern number, bath induced non-adiabaticity and a quantum dynamo effect
• Schwarzschild Black Hole Surrounded by Perfect Fluid Dark Matter in the presence of Quintessence Matter Field
• On the number of Bose-selected modes in driven-dissipative ideal Bose gases
• Comment on "Consistent thermostatistics forbids negative absolute temperatures"
• Cosmology with Negative Absolute Temperatures
• Exact Solutions for Solitary Waves in a Bose-Einstein Condensate under the Action of a Four-Color Optical Lattice
• Negative Temperature Pressure in Black Holes
• Resonant relaxation in globular clusters
• Ergodic observables in non-ergodic systems: the example of the harmonic chain
• Adaptive heat engine
• Reservoir-assisted quantum battery charging at finite temperatures
• Frustrated Quantum Magnetism with Bose Gases in Triangular Optical Lattices at Negative Absolute Temperatures
• Quantum Gibbs distribution from dynamical thermalization in classical nonlinear lattices
• Inverted crossover resonance aiding laser cooling of ${}^{171}$Yb
• Origin of Negative Temperatures in Systems Interacting with External Fields
• Mean-field dynamics to negative absolute temperatures in the Bose-Hubbard model
• Model Dynamics for Quantum Computing
• Classical and Quantum Reissner-Nordström Black Hole Thermodynamics and first order Phase Transition
• Non-equilibrium Properties of Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Phase Transitions
• Adaptive machine and its thermodynamic costs
• Entropy, energy and temperature-length inequality for Friedmann universes
• Cooling with fermionic reservoir
• Dynamical thermalization in Bose-Hubbard systems
• Critique of the Gibbs volume entropy and its implication
• Negative temperature states as exact equilibrium solutions of the Wave Kinetic equation for one dimensional lattices
• Derivation of a Langevin equation in a system with multiple scales: the case of negative temperatures
• Investigating the origin of time with trapped ions
• Simulating Lindbladian evolution with non-abelian symmetries: Ballistic front propagation in the $SU(2)$ Hubbard model with a localized loss
• Kinetics of Many-Body Reservoir Engineering
• Negative temperature for negative lapse function
• Comparative Microscopic Study of Entropies and their Production
• Negative temperature: further extensions
• Negative temperature is cool for cooling
• Unveiling the Physics of the Mutual Interactions in Paramagnets
• Ramp dynamics of phonons in an ion trap: entanglement generation and cooling
• Phase transitions, critical behavior and microstructure of the FRW universe in the framework of higher order GUP
• The Tsallis entropy and the BKT-like phase transition in the impact parameter space for $pp$ and $\bar{p}p$ collisions
• Feasible platform to study negative temperatures
• Negative-temperature Fourier transport in one-dimensional systems
• Photoinduced prethermalization phenomena in correlated metals
• First Law of Quantum Thermodynamics in a Driven Open Two-Level System
• Close-coupled model of Feshbach resonances in ultracold ${}^3$He* and ${}^4$He* atomic Collisions
• Canonical density matrices from eigenstates of mixed systems
• Relaxation towards negative temperatures in bosonic systems: Generalized Gibbs ensembles and beyond integrability
• A solution to the initial condition problems of inflation : NATON
• Thermodynamics of a transient phantom scenario
• Nanoscale engineering and dynamical stabilization of mesoscopic spin textures
• Resolving the Debate Between Boltzmann and Gibbs Entropy: Relative Energy Window Eliminates Thermodynamic Inconsistencies and Allows Negative Absolute Temperatures
• Internal temperature of quantum chaotic systems at the nanoscale and its detection by a microscopic thermometer
• Spectroscopic evidence for engineered hadron formation in repulsive fermionic $\text{SU}(N)$ Hubbard Models
• H-theorem at negative temperature: the random exchange model with bounds
• Cosmological thermodynamics with Hawking temperature on the apparent horizon and Unruh temperature of the fluid: Some interesting consequences
• Availing non-Markovian dynamics in effective negative temperature-based transient quantum Otto engines
• Quantum Joule Expansion of One-Dimensional Systems
• Reply to Schneider et al. [arXiv:1407.4127v1]
• Gravity as a thermodynamic phenomenon
• Ideal gas with a varying (negative absolute) temperature: An alternative to dark energy?
• Thermalization as an Invisibility Cloak for Fragile Quantum Superpositions
• Engineering a multi-level bath for transmons with three-wave mixing and parametric drives
• Hawking radiation inside a charged, cosmological black hole
• Theory of phonon dynamics in an ion trap
• Strong reactions in quantum super PDEs. III: Exotic quantum supergravity
• Dynamics of HIV Infection: an entropic-energetic view
• Thermodynamic laws in isolated systems
• Reissner-Nordström black holes statistical ensembles and first order thermodynamic phase transition
• On Negative Mass, Partition Function and Entropy
• Irreversible energy extraction from negative temperature two-dimensional turbulence
• Dynamics of the Bose-Hubbard Chain for Weak Interactions
• Quantum thermodynamics of single particle systems
• Universal efficiency boost in prethermal quantum heat engines at negative temperature
• Dynamic thermalization on noisy quantum hardware
• Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Gross-Pitaevskii Lattice Dynamics: Interactions, Disorder, and Thermalization
• Spatio-temporal equilibrium thermodynamics of guided optical waves at positive and negative temperatures
• Effective Equations in complex systems: from Langevin to machine learning
• Absence of quasiclassical coherence in mean-field dynamics of bosons in a kinetically frustrated regime
• Anisotropy-induced spin parity effects
• On the definition of the measurement unit for extreme quantity values: some considerations on the case of temperature and the kelvin scale
• Sampling and statistical physics via symmetry
• Dynamics of Interacting Bosons on the Sawtooth Lattice with a Flat Band
• Quantifying Stability of Quantum Statistical Ensembles
• Study of Bose-Einstein condensation using generalized canonical partition function