Unveiling the Physics of the Mutual Interactions in Paramagnets

Abstract

In real paramagnets, there is always a subtle many-body contribution to the system's energy, which can be regarded as a small effective local magnetic field $B_{loc}$. Usually, it is neglected, since it is very small when compared with thermal fluctuations and/or external magnetic fields $B$. Nevertheless, as both the temperature $T\to$ 0K and $B\to$ 0T, such many-body contributions become ubiquitous. Here, employing the magnetic Grüneisen parameter ${\Gamma }_{mag}$ and entropy arguments, we report on the pivotal role played by the mutual interactions in the regime of ultra-low-$T$ and vanishing $B$. Our key results are: $i$) absence of a genuine zero-field quantum phase transition due to the presence of $B_{loc}$; $ii$) connection between the canonical definition of temperature and ${\Gamma }_{mag}$; and $iii$) possibility of performing adiabatic magnetization by only manipulating the mutual interactions. Our findings unveil unprecedented aspects emerging from the mutual interactions.

21 pages, 8 figures