Equilibration rates and negative absolute temperatures for ultracold atoms in optical lattices

Abstract

As highly tunable interacting systems, cold atoms in optical lattices are ideal to realize and observe negative absolute temperatures, T < 0. We show theoretically that by reversing the confining potential, stable superfluid condensates at finite momentum and T < 0 can be created with low entropy production for attractive bosons. They may serve as `smoking gun' signatures of equilibrated T < 0. For fermions, we analyze the time scales needed to equilibrate to T < 0. For moderate interactions, the equilibration time is proportional to the square of the radius of the cloud and grows with increasing interaction strengths as atoms and energy are transported by diffusive processes.

published version, minor changes

References in corpus (8)

• Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases
• Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms
• Cold bosonic atoms in optical lattices
• A Mott insulator of fermionic atoms in an optical lattice
• Metallic and Insulating Phases of Repulsively Interacting Fermions in a 3D Optical Lattice
• Metastable superfluidity of repulsive fermionic atoms in optical lattices
• Adiabatic preparation of many-body states in optical lattices
• Atomic Gases at Negative Kinetic Temperature

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