Atomic Gases at Negative Kinetic Temperature

Abstract

We show that thermalization of the motion of atoms at negative temperature is possible in an optical lattice, for conditions that are feasible in current experiments. We present a method for reversibly inverting the temperature of a trapped gas. Moreover, a negative-temperature ensemble can be cooled, reducing abs(T), by evaporation of the lowest-energy particles. This enables the attainment of the Bose-Einstein condensation phase transition at negative temperature.

4 pages 5 figures; v4: Typo corrections. Accepted Phys. Rev. Lett

References in corpus (4)

• Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms
• Dispersion management for atomic matter waves
• Single-atom density of states of an optical lattice
• Effective mass analysis of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices -- stabilization and levitation

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