Thermodynamic conditions governing the optical temperature and chemical potential in nonlinear highly multimoded photonic systems

Abstract

We show that, in general, any complex weakly nonlinear highly multimode system can reach thermodynamic equilibrium that is characterized by a unique temperature and chemical potential. The conditions leading to either positive or negative temperatures are explicitly obtained in terms of the linear spectrum of the system, the input power, and the corresponding Hamiltonian invariant. Pertinent examples illustrating these results are provided in various scenarios.

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• Fundamental entropic processes in the theory of optical thermodynamics
• Nature of Optical Thermodynamic Pressure Exerted in Highly Multimoded Nonlinear Systems
• Energy and wave-action flows underlying Rayleigh-Jeans thermalization of optical waves propagating in a multimode fiber
• Negative temperature states as exact equilibrium solutions of the Wave Kinetic equation for one dimensional lattices
• A thermodynamic description of the near- and far-field intensity patterns emerging from multimode nonlinear waveguide arrays
• Dalton's law of partial optical thermodynamic pressures in highly multimoded nonlinear photonic systems
• Coherence properties of light in highly multimoded nonlinear parabolic fibers under optical equilibrium conditions
• Thermalization of the Ablowitz-Ladik lattice in the presence of non-integrable perturbations
• Universal Routing of Light via Optical Thermodynamics
• Spatio-temporal equilibrium thermodynamics of guided optical waves at positive and negative temperatures