Spin polarization induced by magnetic field and the relativistic Barnett effect

Abstract

First, I study the analogy between the magnetization of a material and the spin polarization of particles in a fluid. Using the relativistic version of the Barnett effect, i.e. the magnetization of a material induced by mechanical rotation, the spin polarization induced by thermal vorticity is obtained within a purely classical model, where spin is treated as an intrinsic magnetic moment and rotation is included as a non-inertial effect. I argue that since spin polarization induced by thermal vorticity can be obtained in a classical theory, it can not be dominated by quantum anomalies. Second, the spin polarization induced by magnetic field is obtained for a fluid at local thermal equilibrium using statistical quantum field theory. The obtained formula is valid beyond the weak field approximation and when contributions from the non-homogeneity of the magnetic field are small. The exact form of spin polarization is studied for a free Dirac field at global equilibrium, and, like magnetic susceptibility, it oscillates according to the de Haas - van Alphen effect. Finally, I briefly review how magnetic field contributes to the difference between the spin polarization of $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda }$ observed in heavy-ion collisions.

38 pages, 4 figures; V2: new abstract, added a figure, final version

References in corpus (15)

• Gravitational Anomaly and Transport
• Angular momentum conservation in heavy ion collisions at very high energy
• Chiral anomaly and local polarization effect from quantum kinetic approach
• Numerical magneto-hydrodynamics for relativistic nuclear collisions
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• Relativistic Spin Magnetohydrodynamics
• Different space-time freeze-out picture -- an explanation of different $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda }$ polarization?
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• Quantum kinetic theory for spin-1/2 fermions in Wigner function formalism
• Kinetic theory with spin: From massive to massless fermions
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• Anisotropic linear waves and breakdown of the momentum expansion in spin magnetohydrodynamics
• Kubo formulas for spin polarization in dissipative relativistic spin hydrodynamics: a first-order gradient expansion approach
• The Static Heavy Quark-Antiquark Potential within String Theory in Arbitrary Stationary Backgrounds