Spin polarization induced by the hydrodynamic gradients

Abstract

We systematically analyze the effects of the derivatives of the hydrodynamic fields on axial Wigner function that describes the spin polarization vector in phase space. We have included all possible first-order derivative contributions that are allowed by symmetry and compute the associated transport functions at one-loop using the linear response theory. In addition to reproducing known effects due to the temperature gradient and vorticity, we have identified a number of potentially significant contributions that are overlooked previously. In particular, we find that the shear strength, the symmetric and traceless part of the flow gradient, will induce a quadrupole for spin polarization in the phase space. We refer to this novel effect as the shear-induced polarization (SIP). Our results, together with hydrodynamic gradients obtained from hydrodynamic simulations, can be employed as a basis for the interpretation of the $\Lambda$ (anti-$\Lambda$) spin polarization measurement in heavy-ion collisions.

arXiv comment18 pages, 2 figures, matched to the published version

References in corpus (34)

• Global $\Lambda$ hyperon polarization in nuclear collisions: evidence for the most vortical fluid
• Berry Curvature, Triangle Anomalies, and the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Fermi Liquids
• Globally Polarized Quark-gluon Plasma in Non-central A+A Collisions
• Chiral Kinetic Theory
• Relativistic distribution function for particles with spin at local thermodynamical equilibrium
• Global polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV
• Relativistic fluid dynamics with spin
• Polarization of $\Lambda$ ($\bar{\Lambda }$) hyperons along the beam direction in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV
• Lorentz Invariance in Chiral Kinetic Theory
• Collective longitudinal polarization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at very high energy
• Kinetic theory for massive spin-1/2 particles from the Wigner-function formalism
• Holographic Gravitational Anomaly and Chiral Vortical Effect
• Fate of spin polarization in a relativistic fluid: An entropy-current analysis
• Polarization of massive fermions in a vortical fluid
• Probing vorticity structure in heavy-ion collisions by local $\Lambda$ polarization
• Imaging spin flows in semiconductors subject to electric, magnetic, and strain fields
• Collisions in Chiral Kinetic Theory
• Spin Hydrodynamics and Symmetric Energy-Momentum Tensors -- A current induced by the spin vorticity --
• Axial Kinetic Theory and Spin Transport for Fermions with Arbitrary Mass
• From Chiral Kinetic Theory To Relativistic Viscous Spin Hydrodynamics
• Local spin polarization in high energy heavy ion collisions
• Global and local polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV from STAR
• Spin Polarizations in a Covariant Angular-Momentum-Conserved Chiral Transport Model
• World-line construction of a covariant chiral kinetic theory
• Covariant Spin Kinetic Theory I: Collisionless Limit
• Longitudinal spin polarization in a thermal model
• Spin polarization dynamics in the Gubser-expanding background
• Anatomy of chiral magnetic effect in and out of equilibrium
• Constructing phase space distributions with internal symmetries
• Polarization in relativistic fluids: a quantum field theoretical derivation
• On Mass correction to Chiral Vortical Effect and Chiral Separation Effect
• Strain-Induced Coupling of Spin Current to Nanomechanical Oscillations
• Second order chiral kinetic theory under gravity and antiparallel charge-energy flow
• Polarization Rotation of Chiral Fermions in Vortical Fluid

Cited by in corpus (70)

• Shear-induced spin polarization in heavy-ion collisions
• Local polarization and isothermal local equilibrium in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Relativistic second-order dissipative spin hydrodynamics from the method of moments
• Reexamination of local spin polarization beyond global equilibrium in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Spin alignment of vector mesons in heavy-ion collisions
• Foundations and Applications of Quantum Kinetic Theory
• Spin Hall effect in heavy ion collisions
• Relativistic Spin Magnetohydrodynamics
• The Present and Future of QCD
• Spin and polarization: a new direction in relativistic heavy ion physics
• Analytic solutions of relativistic dissipative spin hydrodynamics with Bjorken expansion
• Relativistic dissipative spin hydrodynamics from kinetic theory with a nonlocal collision term
• Local and global polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons across RHIC-BES energies: the roles of spin hall effect, initial condition and baryon diffusion
• Measurement of global polarization of Λ hyperons in few-GeV heavy-ion collisions
• Spin alignment of vector mesons by glasma fields
• Hyperon Polarization from the Vortical Fluid in Low Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Pseudogauge dependence of the spin polarization and of the axial vortical effect
• Pseudo-gauges and relativistic spin hydrodynamics for interacting Dirac and Proca fields
• Quantum kinetic theory for dynamical spin polarization from QED-type interaction
• Polarization phenomenon in heavy-ion collisions
• Quantum Kinetic Theory for Quantum Electrodynamics
• Spin Polarization Formula for Dirac Fermions at Local Equilibrium
• Effect of thermal shear on longitudinal spin polarization in a thermal model
• Spin polarization dynamics in the non-boost-invariant background
• Spin relaxation rate for heavy quarks in weakly coupled QCD plasma
• Hyperon polarization along the beam direction relative to the second and third harmonic event planes in isobar collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV
• Lorentz-covariant nonlocal collision term for spin-1/2 particles
• Analytic solutions of relativistic dissipative spin hydrodynamics with radial expansion in Gubser flow
• Hydrodynamic helicity polarization in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Chiral Magnetic Effect in Heavy Ion Collisions: The Present and Future
• Spin alignment of vector mesons by second-order hydrodynamic gradients
• Global spin polarization of multistrange hyperons and feed-down effect in heavy-ion collisions
• Shear induced polarization: Collisional contributions
• Spin polarization and correlation of quarks from glasma
• Evolution of $\Lambda$ polarization in the hadronic phase of heavy-ion collisions
• Spin evolution of massive fermion in QED plasma
• Quantum kinetic theory for spin transport of quarks with background chromo-electromagnetic fields
• Spin polarization dynamics in the Bjorken-expanding resistive MHD background
• Lorentz-covariant kinetic theory for massive spin-1/2 particles
• Anomalous magnetohydrodynamics with temperature-dependent electric conductivity and application to the global polarization
• Spin dynamics with realistic hydrodynamic background for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Spin polarization induced by magnetic field and the relativistic Barnett effect
• Hyperon polarization and its relation with directed flow in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Directed flow and global polarization in Au+Au collisions across energies covered by the beam energy scan at RHIC
• An introduction to relativistic spin hydrodynamics
• Collisional corrections to spin polarization from quantum kinetic theory using Chapman-Enskog expansion
• Global $\Lambda$ polarization in heavy-ion collisions at energies 2.4--7.7 GeV: Effect of Meson-Field Interaction
• Linear response hydrodynamics of a relativistic dissipative fluid with spin
• Nonlinear chiral kinetic theory
• Transverse and longitudinal spin alignment from color fields in heavy ion collisions
• Dilepton Helical Production in a Vortical Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Vector and Tensor Spin Polarization for Vector Bosons at Local Equilibrium
• Spin Polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons from Dissipative Spin Hydrodynamics
• Spin alignment of $K^{\ast }$ induced by strange-baryon density inhomogeneity
• Hyperon global polarization in heavy-ion collisions at NICA energies. Feed-down effects and the role of ${\Sigma }^0$ hyperons
• Local equilibrium and Lambda polarization in high energy heavy ion collisions
• On Ambiguity of Definition of Shear and Spin-Hall Contributions to $\Lambda$ Polarization in Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Anisotropic linear waves and breakdown of the momentum expansion in spin magnetohydrodynamics
• Estimating Longitudinal Polarization of $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda }$ Hyperons at Relativistic Energies using Hydrodynamic and Transport models
• Berry Curvature and Spin-One Color Superconductivity
• Polarization in heavy ion collisions: a theoretical review
• Global $\Lambda$ polarization in heavy-ion collisions at high baryon density
• Anomalous spin polarization from turbulent color fields
• In-medium Electromagnetic Form Factors and Spin Polarizations
• Helicity polarization in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Tensor spin polarization induced by curved freeze-out hypersurface
• The Static Heavy Quark-Antiquark Potential within String Theory in Arbitrary Stationary Backgrounds
• Minimal-Length Corrections to Hyperon Polarization in Rotating Quark Gluon Plasma
• Probing early-time longitudinal dynamics with the $\Lambda$ hyperon's spin polarization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• An improved formula for Wigner function and spin polarization in a decoupling relativistic fluid at local thermodynamic equilibrium