Spin alignment of vector mesons in heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

Polarized quarks and antiquarks in high-energy heavy-ion collisions can lead to the spin alignment of vector mesons formed by quark coalescence. Using the relativistic spin Boltzmann equation for vector mesons derived from Kadanoff-Baym equations with an effective quark-meson model for strong interaction and quark coalescence model for hadronizaton, we calculate the spin density matrix element ${\rho }_{00}$ for $\varphi$ mesons and show that anisotropies of local field correlations or fluctuations with respect to the spin quantization direction lead to $\varphi$ meson's spin alignment. We propose that the local correlation or fluctuation of $\varphi$ fields is the dominant mechanism for the observed the $\varphi$ meson's spin alignment and its strength can be extracted from experimental data as functions of collision energies. The calculated transverse momentum dependence of ${\rho }_{00}$ agrees with STAR's data. We further predict the azimuthal angle dependence of ${\rho }_{00}$ which can be tested in future experiments.

arXiv commentReVTex 4.1, 14 pages, 4 figures. A large part of the paper has been rewritten with the focus on extracting local correlations or fluctuations of phi fields from STAR's data and predictions for dependences of ${\rho }_{00}$ on the transverse momentum and azimuthal angle

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