Fate of spin polarization in a relativistic fluid: An entropy-current analysis

Abstract

We derive relativistic hydrodynamic equations with a dynamical spin degree of freedom on the basis of an entropy-current analysis. The first and second laws of local thermodynamics constrain possible structures of the constitutive relations including a spin current and the antisymmetric part of the (canonical) energy-momentum tensor. Solving the obtained hydrodynamic equations within the linear-mode analysis, we find spin-diffusion modes, indicating that spin density is damped out after a characteristic time scale controlled by transport coefficients introduced in the antisymmetric part of the energy-momentum tensor in the entropy-current analysis. This is a consequence of mutual convertibility between spin and orbital angular momentum.

7 pages

References in corpus (2)

• Local thermodynamical equilibrium and the beta frame for a quantum relativistic fluid
• Theory of spin hydrodynamic generation

Cited by in corpus (102)

• Shear-induced spin polarization in heavy-ion collisions
• Local polarization and isothermal local equilibrium in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Spin Hydrodynamics and Symmetric Energy-Momentum Tensors -- A current induced by the spin vorticity --
• Hydrodynamics of spin currents
• Relativistic spin hydrodynamics with torsion and linear response theory for spin relaxation
• Spin polarization induced by the hydrodynamic gradients
• Non-dissipative second-order transport, spin, and pseudo-gauge transformations in hydrodynamics
• Derivation of the nonlocal collision term in the relativistic Boltzmann equation for massive spin-1/2 particles from quantum field theory
• Relativistic second-order dissipative spin hydrodynamics from the method of moments
• Reexamination of local spin polarization beyond global equilibrium in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• From Kadanoff--Baym to Boltzmann equations for massive spin-1/2 fermions
• A hydrodynamic study of hyperon spin polarization in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Foundations and Applications of Quantum Kinetic Theory
• Ideal spin hydrodynamics from Wigner function approach
• Relativistic Spin Magnetohydrodynamics
• The Present and Future of QCD
• Spin polarization dynamics in the Gubser-expanding background
• Spin and polarization: a new direction in relativistic heavy ion physics
• Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics with Angular Momentum
• Analytic solutions of relativistic dissipative spin hydrodynamics with Bjorken expansion
• Relativistic dissipative spin hydrodynamics from kinetic theory with a nonlocal collision term
• Relativistic second-order spin hydrodynamics: an entropy-current analysis
• Local and global polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons across RHIC-BES energies: the roles of spin hall effect, initial condition and baryon diffusion
• New developments in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics
• Relativistic first-order spin hydrodynamics via the Chapman-Enskog expansion
• Vorticity and Spin Polarization in Heavy Ion Collisions: Transport Models
• Goldstone bosons and fluctuating hydrodynamics with dipole and momentum conservation
• Hydrodynamics, spin currents and torsion
• Gyrohydrodynamics: Relativistic spinful fluid with strong vorticity
• Canonical and phenomenological formulations of spin hydrodynamics
• Pseudo-gauges and relativistic spin hydrodynamics for interacting Dirac and Proca fields
• Pseudogauge dependence of the spin polarization and of the axial vortical effect
• Quantum kinetic theory for dynamical spin polarization from QED-type interaction
• Quantum Kinetic Theory for Quantum Electrodynamics
• Spin Polarization Formula for Dirac Fermions at Local Equilibrium
• Stability studies of first order spin-hydrodynamic frameworks
• Spin relaxation rate for heavy quarks in weakly coupled QCD plasma
• Spin polarization dynamics in the non-boost-invariant background
• New Developments in Relativistic Fluid Dynamics with spin
• Kubo formulae for first-order spin hydrodynamics
• The causality and stability of relativistic spin-hydrodynamics
• Lorentz-covariant nonlocal collision term for spin-1/2 particles
• Analytic solutions of relativistic dissipative spin hydrodynamics with radial expansion in Gubser flow
• Hydrodynamic helicity polarization in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Damping of spin waves
• Quantum kinetic theory for spin-1/2 fermions in Wigner function formalism
• Global spin polarization of multistrange hyperons and feed-down effect in heavy-ion collisions
• Relativistic hydrodynamics with spin in the presence of electromagnetic fields
• Extensivity, entropy current, area law and Unruh effect
• Thermodynamic equilibrium of massless fermions with vorticity, chirality and electromagnetic field
• Spin evolution of massive fermion in QED plasma
• Hybrid approach to perfect and dissipative spin hydrodynamics
• Emergent Dipole Gauge Fields and Fractons
• Boost invariant spin hydrodynamics within the first order in derivative expansion
• Linear mode analysis from spin transport equation
• Lorentz-covariant kinetic theory for massive spin-1/2 particles
• Resummed spin hydrodynamics from quantum kinetic theory
• Spin dynamics with realistic hydrodynamic background for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Anomalous magnetohydrodynamics with temperature-dependent electric conductivity and application to the global polarization
• Causal and stable first-order chiral hydrodynamics
• Generalized thermodynamic relations for perfect spin hydrodynamics
• The linear mode analysis and spin relaxation
• Cross effects in spin hydrodynamics: A revisit Entropy analysis and statistical operator
• An introduction to relativistic spin hydrodynamics
• Collisional corrections to spin polarization from quantum kinetic theory using Chapman-Enskog expansion
• Linear response hydrodynamics of a relativistic dissipative fluid with spin
• Emergent Canonical Spin Tensor in the Chiral-Symmetric Hot QCD
• Berry phase in the phase space worldline representation: the axial anomaly and classical kinetic theory
• Boost-invariant spin hydrodynamics with spin feedback effects
• Relativistic second-order spin hydrodynamics: A Kubo-type formulation for the quark-gluon plasma
• Evolution of global polarization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions within a perturbative approach
• Collective dynamics of polarized spin-half fermions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Propagation of spin channel waves
• Dilepton Helical Production in a Vortical Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Mean free path of photons in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Vector and Tensor Spin Polarization for Vector Bosons at Local Equilibrium
• Recent developments in chiral and spin polarization effects in heavy-ion collisions
• Spin Polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons from Dissipative Spin Hydrodynamics
• Polarization of spin-1/2 particles with effective spacetime dependent masses
• Application range of perfect spin hydrodynamics
• Estimating Longitudinal Polarization of $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda }$ Hyperons at Relativistic Energies using Hydrodynamic and Transport models
• Pseudogauge ambiguity in the distributions of energy density, pressure, and shear force inside the nucleon
• Spin hydrodynamics -- recent developments
• First-order spin magnetohydrodynamics
• Second-order spin hydrodynamics from Zubarev's nonequilibrium statistical operator formalism
• Anisotropic linear waves and breakdown of the momentum expansion in spin magnetohydrodynamics
• Semi-Classical Spin Hydrodynamics in Flat and Curved Spacetime: Covariance, Linear Waves, and Bjorken Background
• Hybrid framework of Fermi-Dirac spin hydrodynamics
• Polarization in heavy ion collisions: a theoretical review
• Perfect spin hydrodynamics at all orders in spin polarization
• Anomalous spin polarization from turbulent color fields
• On the non-uniqueness of the energy-momentum and spin currents
• Spin Boltzmann equation for non-relativistic spin-1/2 fermions
• Physics of strong electromagnetic fields in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Theoretical aspects of relativistic spin hydrodynamics coupled with electromagnetic fields
• On the local thermodynamic relations in relativistic spin hydrodynamics
• Guiding center hydrodynamics with spin
• Perfect spinfluid: A divergence-type approach
• Study of spin polarization dependence on rapidity, transverse momentum, and azimuthal angle
• Entropy current in relativistic quantum statistical mechanics
• Probing early-time longitudinal dynamics with the $\Lambda$ hyperon's spin polarization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Tensor spin polarization induced by curved freeze-out hypersurface