Pseudogauge dependence of the spin polarization and of the axial vortical effect

Abstract

The mean spin polarization vector of spin 1/2 particles in a relativistic fluid at local thermal equilibrium (LTE) in different pseudogauges (PGs), i.e., with different choices for the decomposition of orbital and spin angular momentum, is obtained. The spin polarization obtained in the canonical PG differs from the one obtained in the Belinfante PG. It is found that this difference can not be written by replacing the thermal vorticity with the spin potential in the usual polarization formula. Other PG choices affect the contribution of thermal shear to the spin polarization. Therefore, the choice of a PG affects the predictions for the polarization measured in heavy-ion collisions. In general, it is shown that the Wigner function of a noninteracting Dirac field at LTE is affected by the PG transformations. Explicit expressions of the mean axial current are also calculated and it is found that even the axial vortical effect conductivity depends on the PG.

14 pages, Final proofread version published in PRC

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• Spin alignment of vector mesons by glasma fields
• Hydrodynamics, spin currents and torsion
• Canonical and phenomenological formulations of spin hydrodynamics
• Pseudo-gauges and relativistic spin hydrodynamics for interacting Dirac and Proca fields
• Analytic solutions of relativistic dissipative spin hydrodynamics with radial expansion in Gubser flow
• Spin alignment of vector mesons by second-order hydrodynamic gradients
• Pseudogauge freedom and the SO(3) algebra of spin operators
• Lorentz-covariant kinetic theory for massive spin-1/2 particles
• Spin dynamics with realistic hydrodynamic background for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• An introduction to relativistic spin hydrodynamics
• Emergent Canonical Spin Tensor in the Chiral-Symmetric Hot QCD
• Dynamical constraints on pseudo-gauge transformations
• Vector and Tensor Spin Polarization for Vector Bosons at Local Equilibrium
• Estimating Longitudinal Polarization of $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda }$ Hyperons at Relativistic Energies using Hydrodynamic and Transport models
• Kubo formulas for spin polarization in dissipative relativistic spin hydrodynamics: a first-order gradient expansion approach
• Polarization in heavy ion collisions: a theoretical review
• Quantum statistical fluctuation of energy and its novel pseudo-gauge dependence
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