Chiral Magnetic and Vortical Effects in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions --- A Status Report

Abstract

The interplay of quantum anomalies with magnetic field and vorticity results in a variety of novel non-dissipative transport phenomena in systems with chiral fermions, including the quark-gluon plasma. Among them is the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) -- the generation of electric current along an external magnetic field induced by chirality imbalance. Because the chirality imbalance is related to the global topology of gauge fields, the CME current is topologically protected and hence non-dissipative even in the presence of strong interactions. As a result, the CME and related quantum phenomena affect the hydrodynamical and transport behavior of strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma, and can be studied in relativistic heavy ion collisions where strong magnetic fields are created by the colliding ions. Evidence for the CME and related phenomena has been reported by the STAR Collaboration at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at BNL, and by the ALICE Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The goal of the present review is to provide an elementary introduction into the physics of anomalous chiral effects, to describe the current status of experimental studies in heavy ion physics, and to outline the future work, both in experiment and theory, needed to eliminate the existing uncertainties in the interpretation of the data.

Invited review for Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics; 38 pages, 25 figures; v2 matching published version

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• Relaxation Times for Chiral Transport Phenomena and Spin Polarization in Strongly Coupled Plasma
• Dielectron production at midrapidity at low transverse momentum in peripheral and semi-peripheral Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Anomalous plasma: chiral magnetic effect and all that
• A sensitivity study of the primary correlators used to characterize chiral-magnetically-driven charge separation
• A novel invariant mass method to isolate resonance backgrounds from the chiral magnetic effect
• Recent developments in chiral and spin polarization effects in heavy-ion collisions
• Holographic Charged Fluid with Chiral Electric Separation Effect
• Chiral vortical effect generated by chiral anomaly in vortex-skyrmions
• Shear viscosity coefficient of magnetized QCD medium near chiral phase transition
• Electric and magnetic conductivities in magnetized fermion systems
• QCD Phase-transition and chemical freezeout in nonzero magnetic field at NICA
• Sound waves in the compactified D0-D4 brane system
• Thermal freeze-out parameters and pseudo-entropy from charged hadron spectra in high energy collisions
• Dilepton production from chirally asymmetric matter
• Simulating chiral magnetic effect and anomalous transport phenomena in the pre-equilibrium stages of heavy-ion collisions
• The BEST framework for the search for the QCD critical point and the chiral magnetic effect
• Nonequilibrium axial charge production in expanding glasma flux tubes
• Anisotropic cold plasma modes in chiral vector Maxwell-Carroll-Field-Jackiw electrodynamics
• Evolution of chirality in a multiphoton pair production process
• Dynamic scale anomalous transport in QCD with electromagnetic background
• Out of equilibrium Chiral Vortical Effect in Holography
• Chiral magnetic superconductivity
• The effect of magnetization and electric polarization on the anomalous transport coefficients of a chiral fluid
• Entropic destruction of heavy quarkonium in a rotating hot and dense medium from holography
• The generation of matter-antimatter asymmetries and hypermagnetic fields by the chiral vortical effect of transient fluctuations
• Magnetovortical and thermoelectric transport in tilted Weyl metals
• Chiral Anomalous Dispersion
• Circularly polarized photon emission from magnetized chiral plasmas
• Detecting scale anomaly in chiral phase transition of QCD: new critical endpoint pinned down
• Generalization of Bantilan-Ishi-Romatschke flow to Magnetohydrodynamics
• Rotatory power reversal induced by magnetic-current in bi-isotropic media
• Chiral magnetic effect in a cylindrical domain
• Quark Mass Correction to Chiral Separation Effect and Pseudoscalar Condensate
• Magnetotransport of Weyl semimetals with ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ topological charge and chiral anomaly
• Exploring Spin Polarization of Heavy Quarks in Magnetic Fields and Hot Medium
• Chiral current induced by torsional Weyl anomaly
• Bremsstrahlung in chiral medium: anomalous magnetic contribution to the Bethe-Heitler formula
• Dynamical chirality production in one dimension
• The electromagnetic field effects in in-out and in-in formalisms
• On chiral magnetic effect in Weyl superfluid 3He-A
• An extended $R_{{\Psi }_m}^{(2)}(\Delta S_2)$ correlator for detecting and characterizing the Chiral Magnetic Wave
• Collective Excitation in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions -- In Memory of Professor Lianshou Liu
• Chiral magnetic effect search in p(d)+Au, Au+Au collisions at RHIC
• Anomalous scattering and transport in chiral matter
• An NJL model analysis of a magnetised nonextensive QCD medium
• Permanent mean spin source of the chiral magnetic effect in neutron stars
• Zilch Vortical Effect for Fermions
• First-order relativistic hydrodynamics with an information current
• Photon and dilepton emission anisotropy for a magnetized quark-gluon plasma
• Chiral phase transition and spin alignment of vector mesons with chiral imbalance in a rotating QCD medium
• New quantum effects in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics
• Event-by-event generation of vorticity in heavy-ion collisions
• Rotating solutions of nonideal transverse Chern-Simons magnetohydrodynamics and the anomalous Hall current
• Spin alignment of $K^{\ast }$ induced by strange-baryon density inhomogeneity
• A Drude-Lorentz dielectric in the presence of a magnetic current density
• A few thoughts on $\theta$ and the electric dipole moments
• Dirac Kondo effect under magnetic catalysis
• Chiral asteroseismology: seismic oscillations caused by chiral transport in neutron stars and supernovae
• Gravitational waves generation in turbulent hypermagnetic fields before the electroweak phase transition
• Electromagnetic Field Produced in High Energy Small Collision System within Charge Density Models of Nucleon
• Accessing Topological Fluctuations of Gauge Fields with Chiral Magnetic Effect
• Optical reflection signature of an axion dielectric with magnetic current
• QCD chiral condensate and pseudoscalar-meson properties in the nuclear medium at finite temperature
• Strongly interacting matter in extreme magnetic fields
• Constraining CPT-odd electromagnetic chiral parameters with pulsar timing
• Electromagnetic field of ultrarelativistic charge in topologically random nuclear matter
• Experimental review on the chiral magnetic effect in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• The mass and spectral function of scalar and pseudoscalar mesons in a hot and chirally imbalanced medium using the two-flavor NJL model
• Scalar boson emission from a magnetized relativistic plasma
• Anomalous transport phenomena and momentum space topology
• On minimal energy states of chiral MHD turbulence
• Chirality imbalance and chiral magnetic effect under a parallel electromagnetic field
• Chiral symmetry breaking in a semi-localized magnetic field
• Abelian and non-Abelian Berry curvatures in lattice QCD
• Quantifying the Chiral Magnetic Effect from Anomalous-Viscous Fluid Dynamics
• Quantum analysis of fluctuations of electromagnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions
• Cosmological Magnetic Field and Dark Energy as two sides of the same coin
• Magnetic field in nuclear collisions at ultra high energies
• Chern-Simons diffusion rate across different phase transitions
• Magnetic helicity in plasma of chiral fermions electroweakly interacting with inhomogeneous matter
• Topological charge fluctuations in the Glasma
• First-order spin magnetohydrodynamics
• Chiral transport of neutrinos in supernovae
• Anisotropic linear waves and breakdown of the momentum expansion in spin magnetohydrodynamics
• The Yukawa potential under weak magnetic field
• SQM2016: Theory Summary
• Momentum transport of chiral modes in a thermal QCD medium
• In-medium polarization tensor in strong magnetic fields (II): Axial Ward identity at finite temperature and density
• Sliding Dumbbell Method to search for the CME in heavy ion collisions
• An overview of new measurements of flow, chirality, and vorticity from STAR experiment
• Investigating event-shape methods in the search for the chiral magnetic effect in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Covariant Chiral Kinetic Equation in Non-Abelian Gauge field from "covariant gradient expansion"
• Confinement/deconfinement at low temperatures and rotation in the exact soft wall model
• Influence of the chiral magnetic effect on particle-pair elliptic anisotropy
• Neural Unfolding of the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Nonequilibrium quark production in the expanding QCD plasma
• On chiral vortical effect in accelerated matter
• Particle temperature and the Chiral Vortical Effect in the early universe
• Optimal collision-energy range for realizing macroscopic high-baryon-density matter
• Procedure for measuring particle's circular polarization variation with respect to the reaction plane in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Photon polarization tensor at finite temperature and density in a magnetic field
• The noncommutativity of the static and homogeneous limit of the axial chemical potential in chiral magnetic effect
• Polarization as a signature of local parity violation in hot QCD matter
• Continuous evolution of electromagnetic field in heavy-ion collisions
• Vortical Effects for Free Fermions on Anti-De Sitter Space-Time
• Dispersion and absorption effects in the linearized Euler-Heisenberg electrodynamics under an external magnetic field
• Investigation of Experimental Observables in Search of the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Heavy-ion Collisions in the STAR experiment
• Magnetic monopole in a chiral plasma: chiral dyon
• Chiral magnetic effect in the hadronic phase
• Effect of chiral imbalance on the electrical conductivity of hot and dense quark matter using Green-Kubo Method within the 2-flavour gauged NJL model
• Optical manifestations of domains with constant topological charge density
• Turning up and down strong magnetic fields in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Chirality and Magnetic Field
• Nuclear deformation effects in photoproduction of $\rho$ mesons in ultraperipheral isobaric collisions
• Sphaleron Transition Rates and the Chiral Magnetic Effect
• Dynamical Electromagnetic fields and Dynamical Electromagnetic Anomaly in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies
• Probing Quarkonium Diffusion in a Magnetized Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Re-examining the premise of isobaric collisions and a novel method to measure the chiral magnetic effect
• Non-Hermitian Dirac theory from Lindbladian dynamics
• Probing topological order of QCD at Electron Ion Collider
• Primordial magnetic field from chiral plasma instability with sourcing
• Rotation Effects on Mesonic Condensations in Isospin Matter
• Neutron Stars as the Dark Matter detectors
• ${\pi }^0\to 2\gamma$ decay under strong magnetic fields in the NJL model
• Efficiency of dynamos from an autonomous generation of chiral asymmetry
• Viscous effects of a hot QGP medium in time dependent magnetic field and their phenomenological significance
• Chiral transport in curved spacetime via holography
• Fluctuations of electromagnetic fields in heavy ion collisions
• A new method to clarify contribution of chiral magnetic effect in small collision system $p^{\uparrow }+A$ involving a transversely polarized proton
• Jet Quenching in The Most Vortical Fluid: A Holographic Approach
• Optical effects in unmagnetized cold plasmas by a chiral axion factor
• Vortical effects in chiral band structures
• From gluon topology to chiral anomaly: Emergent phenomena in quark-gluon plasma
• The Chiral Separation Effect in quenched finite-density QCD
• Phenomenology of anomalous chiral transports in heavy-ion collisions
• Generating Seed magnetic field à la Chiral Biermann battery
• Stationary States for Fermions in an External Electric Field
• Anomalous Dynamical Screening of Relativistic Plasma in a Magnetic Field
• Absence of charged pion condensation in a magnetic field with parallel rotation
• Semi-Holography for Heavy Ion Collisions: Self-Consistency and First Numerical Tests
• Phase transitions at high and low densities for a rotating QCD matter from holography
• Magnetic helicity in rotating neutron stars
• Electromagnetic anomaly in the presence of electric and chiral magnetic conductivities in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Chandrasekhar-Kendall-Woltjer-Taylor state in a resistive plasma
• Quantum-classical simulation of quantum field theory by quantum circuit learning
• Charge asymmetry dependence of anisotropic flow in pPb and PbPb collisions with CMS experiment
• Charge redistribution from novel magneto-vorticity coupling in anomalous hydrodynamics
• Chiral-Imbalance Density Wave in Baryonic Matters
• Generation of strong magnetic fields in old neutron stars accounting for continuous chiral magnetic effect
• Helicity conservation in perfect electromagnetic and chiral fluids
• Roundtable: What can we learn about confinement and anomalous effects in QCD using analog systems?
• Electromagnetic spectral functions in hot and dense chirally imbalanced quark matter
• Dynamical gauge fields and anomalous transport at strong coupling
• Chiral kinematic theory and converse vortical effects
• Quantification of the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200$ GeV
• Dirac fermions under imaginary rotation
• Applying Deep Learning Technique to Chiral Magnetic Wave Search
• Chiral vortical conductivities and the moment of inertia of a rigidly rotating Fermi gas
• Anomalous Strangeness Transport
• Non-static Analysis of the Anomalous Chiral Conductivities
• Optimal Observables for the Chiral Magnetic Effect from Machine Learning
• Chiral magnetic effect search in p+Au, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at RHIC
• Charged Dirac fermions with anomalous magnetic moment in the presence of the chiral magnetic effect and of a noncommutative phase space