Impact of magnetic-field fluctuations on measurements of the chiral magnetic effect in collisions of isobaric nuclei

Abstract

We investigate the properties of electromagnetic fields in isobaric ${}_{44}^{96}\text{Ru}+{}_{44}^{96}\text{Ru}$ and ${}_{40}^{96}\text{Zr}+{}_{40}^{96}\text{Zr}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV by using a multiphase transport model, with special emphasis on the correlation between magnetic field direction and participant plane angle ${\Psi }_2$ (or spectator plane angle ${\Psi }_2^{\mathrm{SP}}$), i.e. $⟨\cos 2({\Psi }_B-{\Psi }_2)⟩$ [or $⟨\cos 2({\Psi }_B-{\Psi }_2^{\mathrm{SP}})⟩$]. We confirm that the magnetic fields of ${}_{44}^{96}\text{Ru}+{}_{44}^{96}\text{Ru}$ collisions are stronger than those of ${}_{40}^{96}\text{Zr}+{}_{40}^{96}\text{Zr}$ collisions due to their larger proton fraction. We find that the deformation of nuclei has a non-negligible effect on $⟨\cos 2({\Psi }_B-{\Psi }_2)⟩$ especially in peripheral events. Because the magnetic-field direction is more strongly correlated with ${\Psi }_2^{\mathrm{SP}}$ than with ${\Psi }_2$, the relative difference of the chiral magnetic effect observable with respect to ${\Psi }_2^{\mathrm{SP}}$ is expected to be able to reflect much cleaner information about the chiral magnetic effect with less influences of deformation.

12 pages, 20 figures; final published version (selected as Editors' Suggestion)

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