Little-Bang and Femto-Nova in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

Abstract

We make a theoretical and experimental summary of the state-of-the-art status of hot and dense QCD matter studies on selected topics. We review the Beam Energy Scan program for the QCD phase diagram and present the current status of search for QCD Critical Point, particle production in high baryon density region, hypernuclei production, and global polarization effects in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The available experimental data in the strangeness sector suggests that a grand canonical approach in thermal model at high collision energy makes a transition to the canonical ensemble behavior at low energy. We further discuss future prospects of nuclear collisions to probe properties of baryon-rich matter. Creation of a quark-gluon plasma at high temperature and low baryon density has been called the "Little-Bang" and, analogously, a femtometer-scale explosion of baryon-rich matter at lower collision energy could be called the "Femto-Nova", which may possibly sustain substantial vorticity and magnetic field for non-head-on collisions.

14 pages, 7 pages, a review contributed to the AAPPS Bulletin

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• Reconstructing the neutron star equation of state from observational data via automatic differentiation
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• Information processing at the speed of light
• Impact of chiral asymmetry and magnetic field on passage of an energetic test parton in a QCD medium
• Energy loss of heavy quarks in the presence of magnetic field
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• Study of the heavy quarks energy loss through medium polarization, elastic collision and radiative processes
• Multiplicity, probabilities, and canonical sectors for the cold QCD matter
• Nonuniform-temperature effects on the phase transition in an Ising-like model
• Learning Langevin dynamics with QCD phase transition
• Collective excitations in the hot QCD medium and the propagation of Heavy Quarks