Towards constraining QCD phase transitions in neutron star interiors: Bayesian Inference with TOV linear response analysis
arXiv:2501.15810 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.111.074026
Abstract
The potential hadron-to-quark phase transition in neutron stars has not been fully understood as the property of cold, dense, and strongly interacting matter cannot be theoretically described by the first-principle perturbative calculations, nor have they been systematically measured through terrestrial low-to-intermediate energy heavy-ion experiments. Given the Tolman--Oppenheimer--Volkoff (TOV) equations, the equation of state (EoS) of the neutron star (NS) matter can be constrained by the observations of NS mass, radius, and tidal deformability. However, large observational uncertainties and the limited number of observations currently make it challenging to strictly reconstruct the EoS, especially to identify interesting features such as a strong first-order phase transition. In this work, we study the dependency of reconstruction quality of the phase transition on the number of NS observations of mass and radius as well as their uncertainty, based on a fiducial EoS. We conquer this challenging problem by constructing a neural network, which allows one to parametrize the EoS with minimum model-dependency, and by devising an algorithm of parameter optimization based on the analytical linear response analysis of the TOV equations. This work may pave the way for the understanding of the phase transition features in NSs using future -ray and gravitational wave measurements.
The data for the plots are openly available: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15086456
References in corpus (72)
- GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
- GW170817: Measurements of Neutron Star Radii and Equation of State
- GW190814: Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 23 M Black Hole with a 2.6 M Compact Object
- PSR J0030+0451 Mass and Radius from NICER Data and Implications for the Properties of Neutron Star Matter
- A NICER View of PSR J0030+0451: Millisecond Pulsar Parameter Estimation
- GW190425: Observation of a Compact Binary Coalescence with Total Mass
- Determination of the Equation of State of Dense Matter
- Masses, Radii, and Equation of State of Neutron Stars
- Tidal Love numbers of neutron stars
- A unified equation of state of dense matter and neutron star structure
- Constraining neutron star tidal Love numbers with gravitational wave detectors
- A NICER View of the Massive Pulsar PSR J0740+6620 Informed by Radio Timing and XMM-Newton Spectroscopy
- The Nuclear Equation of State and Neutron Star Masses
- A high-bias, low-variance introduction to Machine Learning for physicists
- Relativistic tidal properties of neutron stars
- From hadrons to quarks in neutron stars: a review
- Core-collapse supernova equations of state based on neutron star observations
- Evidence for quark-matter cores in massive neutron stars
- Accurate Determination of the Neutron Skin Thickness of Pb through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering
- Applying Bayesian parameter estimation to relativistic heavy-ion collisions: simultaneous characterization of the initial state and quark-gluon plasma medium
- Mapping the Phases of Quantum Chromodynamics with Beam Energy Scan
- The Neutron Star Mass-Radius Relation and the Equation of State of Dense Matter
- Tidal Love Numbers of Neutron and Self-Bound Quark Stars
- Constraining Neutron-Star Matter with Microscopic and Macroscopic Collisions
- How well do we know the neutron-matter equation of state at the densities inside neutron stars? A Bayesian approach with correlated uncertainties
- Multi-system Bayesian constraints on the transport coefficients of QCD matter
- Precision Determination of the Neutral Weak Form Factor of Ca
- Results of the ASY-EOS experiment at GSI: The symmetry energy at suprasaturation density
- Phenomenological constraints on the transport properties of QCD matter with data-driven model averaging
- Dense Nuclear Matter Equation of State from Heavy-Ion Collisions
- Hypernuclear Physics for Neutron Stars
- How perturbative QCD constrains the Equation of State at Neutron-Star densities
- Constraining the nuclear matter equation of state around twice saturation density
- Strongly interacting matter exhibits deconfined behavior in massive neutron stars
- Quantifying uncertainties and correlations in the nuclear-matter equation of state
- Determining the jet transport coefficient from inclusive hadron suppression measurements using Bayesian parameter estimation
- Introductory lectures on lattice QCD at nonzero baryon number
- Keplerian frequency of uniformly rotating neutron stars and quark stars
- Ab-initio QCD calculations impact the inference of the neutron-star-matter equation of state
- Regressive and generative neural networks for scalar field theory
- Reconstructing parton distribution functions from Ioffe time data: from Bayesian methods to Neural Networks
- New equations of state constrained by nuclear physics, observations, and QCD calculations of high-density nuclear matter
- Combining Electromagnetic and Gravitational-Wave Constraints on Neutron-Star Masses and Radii
- Variational Monte Carlo calculations of nuclei with an artificial neural-network correlator ansatz
- Exploring QCD matter in extreme conditions with Machine Learning
- The Universal Approximation Property
- Spectral Reconstruction with Deep Neural Networks
- Neutron star radius measurement from the ultraviolet and soft X-ray thermal emission of PSR J0437-4715
- Future Physics Perspectives on the Equation of State from Heavy Ion Collisions to Neutron Stars
- Continuum-extrapolated NNLO Valence PDF of Pion at the Physical Point
- Heavy quark potential in quark-gluon Plasma: Deep neural network meets lattice quantum chromodynamics
- Rotating neutron stars with exotic cores: masses, radii, stability
- Phase Transition Phenomenology with Nonparametric Representations of the Neutron Star Equation of State
- Neural network reconstruction of the dense matter equation of state from neutron star observables
- Reconstructing the neutron star equation of state from observational data via automatic differentiation
- Little-Bang and Femto-Nova in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
- QCD Equation of State of Dense Nuclear Matter from a Bayesian Analysis of Heavy-Ion Collision Data
- Deep learning stochastic processes with QCD phase transition
- Comment on "Tidal Love numbers of neutron and self-bound quark stars"
- Physics-Driven Learning for Inverse Problems in Quantum Chromodynamics
- Compiled Properties of Nucleonic Matter and Nuclear and Neutron Star Models from Non-Relativistic and Relativistic Interactions
- Rethinking the ill-posedness of the spectral function reconstruction -- why is it fundamentally hard and how Artificial Neural Networks can help
- Observational appearance of rapidly rotating neutron stars: X-ray bursts, cooling tail method, and radius determination
- Bayesian quantification of strongly-interacting matter with color glass condensate initial conditions
- Early-times Yang-Mills dynamics and the characterization of strongly interacting matter with statistical learning
- Gravitational-Wave and X-ray Probes of the Neutron Star Equation of State
- Deep-learning quasi-particle masses from QCD equation of state
- Searching for exotic cores with binary neutron star inspirals
- Do we need dense matter equation of state in curved spacetime for neutron stars?
- Dyonic black hole degeneracies in string theory from Dabholkar-Harvey degeneracies
- Deep learning lattice gauge theories
- Maximal Mass Neutron Star as a Key to Superdense Matter Physics