Novel mechanism for electric quadrupole moment generation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

We present the spatial distributions of electromagnetic fields ($\mathbf{E}$ and $\mathbf{B}$) and electromagnetic anomaly $\mathbf{E}\cdot \mathbf{B}$ in Au+Au collisions at the RHIC energy $\sqrt{s}$=200 GeV based on a multi-phase transport model. A dipolar distribution of $\mathbf{E}\cdot \mathbf{B}$ is observed in non-central collisions. We find that the coupling of the $\mathbf{E}\cdot \mathbf{B}$ dipole and magnetic field $\mathbf{B}$ can induce an electric quadrupole moment which can further lead to the difference in elliptic flows between positive charged particles and negative charged particles through final interactions. The centrality dependence of the density of $\mathbf{E}\cdot \mathbf{B}$ is similar to the trend of the slope parameter $r$ measured from the difference in elliptic flows between positive pions and negative pions by the STAR collaboration. Therefore, the novel mechanism for electric quadrupole moment generation can offer a new interpretation of the observed charge-dependent elliptic flow of pions, but without the formation of chiral magnetic wave.

10 pages, 12 figures, final published version

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• The Chiral Magnetic Effect
• Charge separation induced by P-odd bubbles in QCD matter
• Chiral Magnetic Wave
• Quantum Anomalies in Dense Matter
• Novel quantum phenomena induced by strong magnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions
• Observation of charge asymmetry dependence of pion elliptic flow and the possible chiral magnetic wave in heavy-ion collisions

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